Canadian Government and Elections Study Guide for the Citizenship Test

Canada is a federal state, a parliamentary democracy, and a constitutional monarchy. The King is Canada's head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government who actually runs the country. The Sovereign is represented in Canada by the Governor General at the federal level and by Lieutenant Governors in each province.

Parliament has three parts: the Sovereign (the Crown), the Senate, and the elected House of Commons. There are three levels of government: federal, provincial or territorial, and municipal. Each has different responsibilities. In a federal election, Canadians vote for a Member of Parliament (MP) to represent their local riding. The party that wins the most seats usually forms the government, and its leader becomes Prime Minister.

Key facts to remember

Canada is a federal state, a parliamentary democracy, and a constitutional monarchy.
The King is the head of state; the Prime Minister is the head of government.
The Governor General represents the Sovereign at the federal level.
Parliament has three parts: the Crown, the Senate, and the House of Commons.
There are three levels of government: federal, provincial or territorial, and municipal.
In an election you vote for the candidate (MP) in your local riding.

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Government & Elections practice questions & answers

136 questions from this topic, with answers and explanations.

True/False. In Canada, voting is open and you are required to tell others how you voted.
Answer: False
False. Canadians vote by secret ballot and are not obliged to tell anyone how they voted.
A Member of Parliament from Montreal announces that she will spend her weekend in her electoral district. This means she would be:
Answer: In the part of Montreal where she was elected.
An MP's electoral district (riding) is the specific area where she was elected, per Discover Canada's description of how MPs are chosen.
How can Canadian citizens find out when and where to vote?
Answer: They can contact Elections Canada
Elections Canada, a non-partisan agency of Parliament, runs federal elections and sends a voter information card; citizens can contact it to confirm when and where to vote.
Fill in the blank. The three branches of Canadian government are the executive, the legislative and the ______.
Answer: judicial
Canada's three branches of government are the executive, the legislative and the judicial.
Which phrase from the British North America Act (1867) sums up good governance in Canada?
Answer: Peace, Order and Good Government.
“Peace, Order and Good Government” is a key phrase from Canada’s 1867 constitutional document, the British North America Act, per Discover Canada.
True/False. The Governor General represents the Sovereign in Canada.
Answer: True
True. The Sovereign is represented in Canada by the Governor General.
Fill in the blank. In Canada, a bill cannot become law until it ______.
Answer: has been passed by the House of Commons and the Senate and has received royal assent
No bill becomes law until it has been passed by both the House of Commons and the Senate and has received royal assent (granted by the Governor General on the Sovereign's behalf).
Which of the following is NOT a feature of Canada's system of government?
Answer: Dictatorship.
Canada is a federal state, parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy; dictatorship is not a feature.
True/False. Voting in a Canadian federal election is done by secret ballot.
Answer: True
True. Canadians vote by secret ballot, and no one can be forced to say how they voted.
What do you call the Sovereign’s representative in the provinces?
Answer: Lieutenant-Governor.
The Sovereign is represented in each province by the Lieutenant-Governor.
True/False. Members of a provincial or territorial legislature may be called MLAs, MNAs, MPPs or MHAs, depending on the province.
Answer: True
True. Depending on the province or territory, members are called MLAs, MNAs (Quebec), MPPs (Ontario) or MHAs.
Fill in the blank. Canada is a parliamentary democracy, which means Canadians elect representatives to ______.
Answer: the House of Commons and other legislatures
In a parliamentary democracy, Canadians elect members to the House of Commons in Ottawa and to the provincial and territorial legislatures. Senators are appointed, not elected.
Fill in the blank. ______ play an important role in the House of Commons: to peacefully oppose or try to improve government proposals.
Answer: Opposition parties
The opposition parties peacefully oppose or try to improve government proposals; the opposition party with the most seats is the Official Opposition.
What is the difference between the role of the Sovereign and that of the Prime Minister?
Answer: The Sovereign is the guardian of Constitutional freedoms, the Prime Minister selects the Cabinet ministers and is responsible for operations and policy of government.
Static constitutional distinction between the Sovereign and the Prime Minister; unchanged as of July 2026.
What is a majority government?
Answer: When the party in power holds at least half of the seats in the House of Commons.
A majority government holds at least half of the seats in the House of Commons per Discover Canada.
Which political party is in power in Ontario?
Answer: Progressive Conservative Party
The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, led by Doug Ford, is the governing party in Ontario as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Premier of Ontario?
Answer: Premier Doug Ford
Doug Ford (Progressive Conservative) is Premier of Ontario as of July 2026, having won a third consecutive majority in February 2025.
What does the term “responsible government” mean?
Answer: The ministers of the Crown must have the support of a majority of the elected representatives in order to govern.
Responsible government means the ministers of the Crown must retain the confidence (support) of a majority of elected representatives.
Who is the leader of the Federal Official Opposition Party?
Answer: Pierre Poilievre
Pierre Poilievre leads the Conservative Party, the federal Official Opposition, and was retained as leader at the party's 2026 convention.
How are Members of Parliament chosen?
Answer: Elected by Canadian citizens.
Members of Parliament are elected by Canadian citizens in their electoral districts.
What does the “right to a secret ballot” mean?
Answer: No one can watch your vote and no one should look at how you voted
The secret ballot means no one can watch you vote or see how you voted.
True/False. The party that wins the most seats in the House of Commons is usually invited to form the government.
Answer: True
True. After an election, the party with the most elected members is invited by the Governor General to form the government.
True/False. Senators in Canada are elected by voters.
Answer: False
False. Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.
How are Senators chosen?
Answer: Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Discover Canada states Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Who has the right to vote in federal elections?
Answer: A Canadian citizen, 18 years or older, and on voters' list.
To vote federally you must be a Canadian citizen, at least 18, and on the voters' list.
What is the name of the leader of the Opposition in Ontario?
Answer: Marit Stiles
Marit Stiles (Ontario NDP) is Leader of the Official Opposition in Ontario as of July 2026, continuing after the 2025 provincial election.
What is the purpose of federal “equalization” payments?
Answer: To help less wealthy provinces provide public services comparable to other provinces.
Equalization transfers federal funds to less prosperous provinces so all Canadians have access to reasonably comparable public services.
Who is the King's representative in Canada?
Answer: Governor General of Canada.
The Governor General is the Sovereign's representative in Canada at the federal level.
True/False. Members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.
Answer: False
False. Members of the House of Commons are elected by voters in each electoral district.
How is the government formed after a federal election?
Answer: Ordinarily, the party with the most elected representatives becomes the party in power. The leader of this party becomes the Prime Minister.
Per Discover Canada, the party with the most seats forms government and its leader becomes Prime Minister.
What do you mark on a federal election ballot?
Answer: An x
Discover Canada instructs voters to mark an 'X' in the circle next to their chosen candidate.
What is the role of the Opposition parties?
Answer: To oppose or try to improve government proposals.
Static role of the opposition: to peacefully oppose or seek to improve government proposals; unchanged as of July 2026.
Which federal political party is in power?
Answer: Liberal Party.
The Liberal Party, led by Mark Carney, is the governing federal party as of July 2026 (Liberal majority).
Which party is the Official Opposition at the federal level?
Answer: The Conservative Party.
The Conservative Party is the federal Official Opposition as of July 2026, led by Pierre Poilievre.
What are the three levels of government in Canada?
Answer: Federal, Provincial and Territorial, Municipal (local).
Discover Canada lists federal, provincial/territorial, and municipal as the three levels of government.
Where are the Parliament Buildings located?
Answer: Ottawa.
The Parliament Buildings are located in Ottawa per Discover Canada.
Which of the following is NOT a level of government in Canada?
Answer: The judiciary
Canada has three levels of government: federal, provincial/territorial and municipal (local). The judiciary is a branch of government, not a level.
Name all the federal political parties in the House of Commons and their leaders
Answer: Liberal (Mark Carney), Conservative (Pierre Poilievre), Bloc Quebecois (Yves-Francois Blanchet), NDP (Avi Lewis), Green (Elizabeth May)
As of July 2026 the House leaders are Liberal (Mark Carney), Conservative (Pierre Poilievre), Bloc Quebecois (Yves-Francois Blanchet), NDP (Avi Lewis, elected March 2026), and Green (Elizabeth May); the interim-leader option is stale.
Who do Members of Parliament represent?
Answer: Everyone who lives in his or her electoral district.
Discover Canada states MPs represent everyone in their electoral district (riding).
What is the name of the Governor General?
Answer: Louise Arbour.
The Honourable Louise Arbour was installed as Canada's 31st Governor General on June 8, 2026, so the option 'Louise Arbour' is now the current correct answer.
True/False. The Governor General is elected by Canadian voters.
Answer: False
False. The Governor General is appointed by the Sovereign on the advice of the Prime Minister, usually for five years.
What are the three parts of Parliament?
Answer: The Sovereign, the House of Commons and the Senate.
Parliament consists of the Sovereign (Crown), the House of Commons and the Senate.
Who is Canada's Head of State?
Answer: His Majesty King Charles III.
The Sovereign (King Charles III) is Canada's Head of State.
What is a voter information card?
Answer: A form that tells you when and where to vote.
The voter information card tells you when and where to vote.
How does a bill become a law?
Answer: Approval by a majority in the House of Commons and Senate and finally the Governor General.
A bill must pass the House of Commons and Senate and receive Royal Assent from the Governor General.
What are the three branches of Canadian government?
Answer: Executive, legislative and judicial.
Discover Canada describes the three branches of government as the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial, which work together but sometimes in creative tension.
True/False. Health care and education are responsibilities of the federal government.
Answer: False
False. Health and education are provincial/territorial responsibilities, not federal.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario?
Answer: Edith Dumont
Edith Dumont is Ontario's 30th Lieutenant Governor, in office since November 2023 and serving as of July 2026.
Name two responsibilities of the provincial and territorial government.
Answer: Health and Education
Provincial and territorial governments are responsible for areas such as health and education.
Who have major responsibilities on First Nations reserves?
Answer: Band chiefs and councillors.
Discover Canada states band chiefs and councillors have major responsibilities on First Nations reserves.
True/False. Canadian citizens aged 16 and over may vote in federal elections.
Answer: False
False. Citizens aged 18 and over may vote in federal elections.
Fill in the blank. ______ are appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Answer: Senators
Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister and may serve until age 75. MPs, mayors and premiers are elected.
Fill in the blank. The federal government is responsible for ______.
Answer: foreign policy
The federal government handles matters of national concern such as defence, foreign policy, citizenship, currency and criminal law. Highways and health are provincial; recycling and firefighting are municipal.
In a federal election, how is the winner in each electoral district (riding) decided?
Answer: The candidate who receives the most votes becomes the MP, even without a majority.
Canada uses a “first-past-the-post” system: in each riding the candidate with the most votes wins and becomes the Member of Parliament.
True/False. The three levels of government in Canada are federal, provincial/territorial and municipal.
Answer: True
True. Canada has federal, provincial/territorial and municipal (local) levels of government.
In each of Canada's three territories, who represents the federal government in a ceremonial role?
Answer: The Commissioner
In the three territories, the Commissioner represents the federal government and plays a ceremonial role, similar to a Lieutenant Governor in a province.
What should you do if you do not receive a voter information card telling you when and where to vote?
Answer: Call Elections Canada or visit their website.
If you do not receive a voter information card you should contact Elections Canada.
When asked, who must you tell how you voted in a federal election?
Answer: No one.
Voting is by secret ballot; Discover Canada states no one has the right to insist you tell them how you voted.
What is the government of all of Canada called?
Answer: Federal.
The government of all of Canada is called the federal government.
Who is the Head of Government?
Answer: The Prime Minister
Discover Canada identifies the Prime Minister as the head of government (the Sovereign is head of state).
Who do Canadians vote for in a federal election?
Answer: A candidate they want to represent them in Parliament.
In a federal election Canadians vote for a candidate to represent them in Parliament.
True/False. Canada is a federal state, a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.
Answer: True
True. These are the three key facts about Canada's system of government.
When must federal elections be held?
Answer: On the third Monday in October every four years following the most recent general election.
Fixed federal elections are held on the third Monday in October every four years after the last general election.
True/False. A bill must be passed by both the House of Commons and the Senate and receive royal assent to become law.
Answer: True
True. No bill becomes law until passed by both chambers and given royal assent.
Local laws passed by a municipal (city or town) government are called what?
Answer: By-laws
A municipal council (a mayor or reeve and councillors/aldermen) passes local laws called by-laws.
How is a Cabinet Minister chosen?
Answer: By the Prime Minister
Discover Canada states Cabinet ministers are chosen by the Prime Minister.
What is the name of the Prime Minister of Canada and his/her party?
Answer: Mark Carney (Liberal Party).
Mark Carney of the Liberal Party is Prime Minister of Canada as of July 2026, leading a Liberal majority government.
Who has the right to run as a candidate in federal elections?
Answer: Any Canadian citizen who is at least 18 years old.
Discover Canada states any Canadian citizen at least 18 years old can run as a candidate in federal elections.
Which party becomes the Official Opposition?
Answer: The party with the second most MPs.
Static rule: the party with the second-largest number of seats forms the Official Opposition; unchanged as of July 2026.
After a federal election, which party forms the new government?
Answer: The party with the most elected representatives is invited by the Governor General to become the party in power.
Per Discover Canada, after an election the party with the most MPs is invited by the Governor General to form the government.
What do you call a law before it is passed?
Answer: A Bill.
Discover Canada explains a proposed law is called a bill before it is passed.
True/False. Canada is a republic led by an elected president.
Answer: False
False. Canada is a constitutional monarchy; the Sovereign is head of state and there is no president.
True/False. In Canada, the Prime Minister is the head of government.
Answer: True
True. The Prime Minister is the head of government and directs the governing of the country; the Sovereign is head of state.
Name two responsibilities of the federal government.
Answer: National defence and foreign policy.
Discover Canada lists national defence and foreign policy among federal government responsibilities.
When you vote on election day, what do you do?
Answer: Go to the voting station with your voter's card and ID, mark an X next to your chosen candidate, fold the ballot and present it to the poll officials who will tear off the ballot number and give you the ballot to deposit in the box
This describes the correct federal voting procedure outlined in Discover Canada.
Once appointed, until what age may a Senator serve?
Answer: 75
Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister and may serve until age 75.
True/False. The Prime Minister is Canada's Head of State.
Answer: False
False. The Sovereign (King or Queen) is Canada's Head of State; the Prime Minister is the Head of Government.
Fill in the blank. A federal election could be called if ______.
Answer: the party in power loses the confidence of the House of Commons in a vote of confidence
Cabinet ministers must retain the 'confidence of the House.' If the government is defeated on a confidence vote, it must resign, which can trigger an election.
What does it mean to say Canada is a constitutional monarchy?
Answer: Canada's Head of State is a hereditary Sovereign (Queen or King) who reigns in accordance with the Constitution.
Discover Canada defines constitutional monarchy this way.
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the federal government?
Answer: Education
The federal government handles defence, foreign policy, citizenship, currency and criminal law. Education is a provincial/territorial responsibility.
How is the Prime Minister chosen?
Answer: The leader of the party with the most elected representatives becomes the Prime Minister.
Structural/static rule: the leader of the party with the most seats in the House of Commons becomes PM; unchanged as of July 2026.
Fill in the blank. The ______ is a representative chamber made up of members of Parliament elected by voters in each electoral district.
Answer: House of Commons
The House of Commons is the representative chamber, made up of members of Parliament elected by the people in each electoral district. Senators are appointed.
What is Canada's system of government called?
Answer: Parliamentary government.
Canada's system of government is a parliamentary government (parliamentary democracy).
True/False. The Prime Minister is chosen directly by a national vote of all Canadians.
Answer: False
False. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the party that wins the most seats in the House of Commons; voters elect local MPs, not the PM directly.
Fill in the blank. Your municipal (local) government is responsible for ______.
Answer: recycling and garbage collection
Municipal (local) governments handle local services such as recycling, garbage collection, snow removal and firefighting. Defence and trade are federal; health care is provincial.
What is the name of the Premier of British Columbia?
Answer: David Eby
David Eby (BC New Democratic Party) is Premier of British Columbia as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia?
Answer: Wendy Cocchia
Wendy Cocchia is the Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in British Columbia?
Answer: BC New Democratic Party (BC NDP)
The BC New Democratic Party (BC NDP) is in power in British Columbia as of July 2026, led by Premier David Eby.
What is the name of the Premier of Alberta?
Answer: Danielle Smith
Danielle Smith (United Conservative Party) is Premier of Alberta as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta?
Answer: Salma Lakhani
Salma Lakhani is the Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in Alberta?
Answer: United Conservative Party (UCP)
The United Conservative Party (UCP) is in power in Alberta as of July 2026, led by Premier Danielle Smith.
What is the name of the leader of the Opposition in Alberta?
Answer: Naheed Nenshi
Naheed Nenshi (Alberta New Democratic Party) is Leader of the Official Opposition in Alberta as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Premier of Saskatchewan?
Answer: Scott Moe
Scott Moe (Saskatchewan Party) is Premier of Saskatchewan as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan?
Answer: Bernadette McIntyre
Bernadette McIntyre is the Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in Saskatchewan?
Answer: Saskatchewan Party
The Saskatchewan Party is in power in Saskatchewan as of July 2026, led by Premier Scott Moe.
What is the name of the leader of the Opposition in Saskatchewan?
Answer: Carla Beck
Carla Beck (Saskatchewan New Democratic Party) is Leader of the Official Opposition in Saskatchewan as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Premier of Manitoba?
Answer: Wab Kinew
Wab Kinew (New Democratic Party) is Premier of Manitoba as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba?
Answer: Anita Neville
Anita Neville is the Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in Manitoba?
Answer: New Democratic Party (NDP)
The New Democratic Party (NDP) is in power in Manitoba as of July 2026, led by Premier Wab Kinew.
What is the name of the leader of the Opposition in Manitoba?
Answer: Obby Khan
Obby Khan (Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba) is Leader of the Official Opposition in Manitoba as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Premier of Quebec?
Answer: Christine Frechette
Christine Frechette (Coalition Avenir Quebec) is Premier of Quebec as of July 2026; became Quebec's 33rd premier in April 2026, succeeding Francois Legault.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec?
Answer: Manon Jeannotte
Manon Jeannotte is the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in Quebec?
Answer: Coalition Avenir Quebec (CAQ)
The Coalition Avenir Quebec (CAQ) is in power in Quebec as of July 2026, led by Premier Christine Frechette.
What is the name of the Premier of New Brunswick?
Answer: Susan Holt
Susan Holt (Liberal Party of New Brunswick) is Premier of New Brunswick as of July 2026; the province's first woman premier, in office since November 2024.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick?
Answer: Louise Imbeault
Louise Imbeault is the Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in New Brunswick?
Answer: Liberal Party of New Brunswick
The Liberal Party of New Brunswick is in power in New Brunswick as of July 2026, led by Premier Susan Holt.
What is the name of the Premier of Nova Scotia?
Answer: Tim Houston
Tim Houston (Progressive Conservative Party) is Premier of Nova Scotia as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia?
Answer: Mike Savage
Mike Savage is the Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in Nova Scotia?
Answer: Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia is in power in Nova Scotia as of July 2026, led by Premier Tim Houston.
What is the name of the leader of the Opposition in Nova Scotia?
Answer: Claudia Chender
Claudia Chender (Nova Scotia New Democratic Party) is Leader of the Official Opposition in Nova Scotia as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Premier of Prince Edward Island?
Answer: Rob Lantz
Rob Lantz (Progressive Conservative Party) is Premier of Prince Edward Island as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Prince Edward Island?
Answer: Wassim Salamoun
Wassim Salamoun is the Lieutenant-Governor of Prince Edward Island, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in Prince Edward Island?
Answer: Progressive Conservative Party of Prince Edward Island
The Progressive Conservative Party of Prince Edward Island is in power in Prince Edward Island as of July 2026, led by Premier Rob Lantz.
What is the name of the Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador?
Answer: Tony Wakeham
Tony Wakeham (Progressive Conservative Party) is Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador as of July 2026; in office since the October 2025 provincial election.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador?
Answer: Joan Marie Aylward
Joan Marie Aylward is the Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in Newfoundland and Labrador?
Answer: Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
The Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador is in power in Newfoundland and Labrador as of July 2026, led by Premier Tony Wakeham.
What is the name of the leader of the Opposition in Newfoundland and Labrador?
Answer: John Hogan
John Hogan (Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador) is Leader of the Official Opposition in Newfoundland and Labrador as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Premier of Yukon?
Answer: Currie Dixon
Currie Dixon (Yukon Party) is Premier of Yukon as of July 2026; in office since the November 2025 territorial election.
What is the name of the Commissioner of Yukon?
Answer: Adeline Webber
Adeline Webber is the Commissioner of Yukon as of July 2026. In the territories, a Commissioner represents the federal government in a role similar to a province's Lieutenant-Governor.
Which political party is in power in Yukon?
Answer: Yukon Party
The Yukon Party is in power in Yukon as of July 2026, led by Premier Currie Dixon.
What is the name of the leader of the Opposition in Yukon?
Answer: Kate White
Kate White (Yukon New Democratic Party) is Leader of the Official Opposition in Yukon as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Premier of the Northwest Territories?
Answer: R.J. Simpson
R.J. Simpson is Premier of the Northwest Territories as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Commissioner of the Northwest Territories?
Answer: Gerald Kisoun
Gerald Kisoun is the Commissioner of the Northwest Territories as of July 2026. In the territories, a Commissioner represents the federal government in a role similar to a province's Lieutenant-Governor.
What form of government does the Northwest Territories have?
Answer: Consensus government, with no political parties
the Northwest Territories uses consensus government: members of the legislative assembly are elected as independents, without political parties, and choose the premier and cabinet from among themselves.
What is the name of the Premier of Nunavut?
Answer: John Main
John Main is Premier of Nunavut as of July 2026; chosen by MLAs after the October 2025 election.
What form of government does Nunavut have?
Answer: Consensus government, with no political parties
Nunavut uses consensus government: members of the legislative assembly are elected as independents, without political parties, and choose the premier and cabinet from among themselves.
Who appoints the Lieutenant Governor of each province?
Answer: The Governor General, on the advice of the Prime Minister.
In each of the ten provinces, the Sovereign is represented by the Lieutenant Governor, who is appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister, usually for five years.
In each province, who has a role similar to that of the Prime Minister?
Answer: The Premier.
In each province, the Premier has a role similar to that of the Prime Minister in the federal government, per Discover Canada.
A municipal council usually includes a mayor (or a reeve) and which other officials?
Answer: Councillors or aldermen.
Discover Canada explains that a municipal council usually includes a mayor (or a reeve) and councillors or aldermen, responsible for the local community.
Which two areas do the federal government and the provinces share jurisdiction over?
Answer: Agriculture and immigration.
The federal government and the provinces share jurisdiction over agriculture and immigration; matters like defence, currency and citizenship are federal, while education and highways are provincial.
What is a minority government?
Answer: When the party in power holds fewer than half of the seats in the House of Commons.
If the party in power holds fewer than half of the seats in the House of Commons, this is called a minority government, per Discover Canada.
During which stage of a bill's passage do members debate the bill's principle?
Answer: Second reading.
At second reading, members debate the bill's principle. First reading is when the bill is considered read for the first time and printed, and at committee stage members study it clause by clause.
True/False. A bill must be passed by both the House of Commons and the Senate before it receives royal assent.
Answer: True
True. The final step for a bill is royal assent, which it receives after being passed by both Houses of Parliament. Royal assent is granted by the Governor General on behalf of the Sovereign.
Elections Canada produces the lists of voters from which permanent database?
Answer: The National Register of Electors.
Elections Canada is the neutral agency that administers federal elections and produces voters' lists from the National Register of Electors. Electors listed in it receive a voter information card.
If you cannot or do not wish to vote on election day, what can you do?
Answer: Vote at the advance polls or by special ballot.
Discover Canada explains that if you cannot or do not wish to vote on election day, you can vote at the advance polls or by special ballot.
True/False. When the polls close, every ballot is counted and the results are made public.
Answer: True
True. When the polls close, every ballot is counted and the results are made public. You can see the results on television or on the Elections Canada website.

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