Canadian Citizenship Test Questions & Answers
Every one of our 574 practice questions, with the correct answer and a short explanation, grouped by topic. All questions are based on the official Discover Canada study guide. Want to be quizzed instead? Take the free practice test →
Economy & Industry
Study guide →Fill in the blank. Canada's largest and busiest port is ______.
Answer: The Port of Vancouver
The Port of Vancouver is Canada's largest and busiest port per Discover Canada.
Answer: The Hudson's Bay Company
In 1670 King Charles II granted the Hudson's Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay.
True/False. More than 75% of working Canadians have jobs in service industries.
Answer: True
True. More than 75% of working Canadians have jobs in service industries.
Which province is the main producer of pulp and paper and hydro-electricity?
Answer: Quebec
Discover Canada states Quebec is the largest producer of pulp and paper and hydroelectric power.
True/False. The United States is Canada's largest trading partner.
Answer: True
True. Canada's largest trading partner is the United States, and each is the other's largest trading partner.
Which province has the most valuable forestry industry in Canada?
Answer: British Columbia
About half of the goods produced in B.C. are forestry products, the most valuable forestry industry in Canada.
What is the role of the Bank of Canada, created in 1934?
Answer: It is Canada's central bank, managing the money supply
The Bank of Canada, created in 1934, is the central bank that manages the money supply and brings stability to the financial system.
Which region is known as the industrial and manufacturing heartland of Canada?
Answer: Central Canada.
Discover Canada calls Central Canada the industrial and manufacturing heartland.
What three industries are important to Ontario's economy today?
Answer: Mining, tourism, automobile manufacturing
Ontario's key industries per Discover Canada include mining (northern Ontario), tourism, and automobile manufacturing; fishing/farming options are not among its lead industries.
Which two provinces produce more than three-quarters of all Canadian manufactured goods?
Answer: Ontario and Quebec.
Per Discover Canada, southern Ontario and Quebec form Central Canada, the industrial and manufacturing heartland, where Ontario and Quebec produce more than three-quarters of all Canadian manufactured goods.
Why is trade with other countries important to Canada?
Answer: It enhances our economy and raises our standard of living.
Discover Canada emphasizes trade strengthens the economy and raises the standard of living.
Which of the following is a list of Canada's natural resource industries?
Answer: Forestry, fishing, agriculture, mining and energy.
Per Discover Canada, natural resource industries include forestry, fishing, agriculture, mining and energy; these industries have played an important part in the country's history and development.
Which province is the largest producer of oil and gas in Canada?
Answer: Alberta
Alberta is Canada's largest producer of oil and gas, with major oil sands in the north.
In what industry do most Canadians work?
Answer: Service.
Discover Canada notes most Canadians are employed in the service industry.
Answer: undefended
Millions cross what is traditionally known as 'the world's longest undefended border' between Canada and the United States.
Answer: Fishing.
Per Discover Canada, Atlantic Canada's coasts and natural resources (including fishing, farming, forestry and mining) have shaped its history and economy, with the fisheries long central to the region.
What are the three main types of industry in Canada?
Answer: Natural resources, manufacturing and services.
Discover Canada names the three main industry types as natural resources, manufacturing, and service industries.
Answer: The Great Depression (the 'Dirty Thirties')
The 1929 stock market crash led to the Great Depression; unemployment reached 27% in 1933.
Answer: True
True. Per Discover Canada, Canada and the United States are each other's largest trading partner and together have the biggest bilateral trading relationship in the world.
What country is Canada’s largest trading partner?
Answer: United States of America.
The United States is Canada's largest trading partner per Discover Canada.
Answer: Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan has 40% of Canada's arable land, is the largest producer of grains and oilseeds, and has the world's richest uranium and potash deposits.
Which of the following is an example of a Canadian manufactured product?
Answer: Aerospace technology and automobiles.
Per Discover Canada, manufactured products include paper, high technology equipment, aerospace technology, automobiles, machinery, food and clothing. Oil, gas, fish, lumber and grain are natural resource commodities, not manufactured goods.
According to Discover Canada, about what share of Canada's exports go to the United States?
Answer: About three-quarters
Over three-quarters of Canadian exports are destined for the U.S.A., the biggest bilateral trading relationship in the world.
Which three countries are signatories to NAFTA?
Answer: Canada, Mexico and the United States.
Discover Canada identifies NAFTA's signatories as Canada, the United States, and Mexico.
What three industries are important to British Columbia's economy today?
Answer: Forestry, mining, fishing
Forestry, mining, and fishing are central to British Columbia's economy, per Discover Canada.
What three industries are important to Alberta's economy today?
Answer: Oil and gas, cattle ranching, agriculture
Oil and gas, cattle ranching, and agriculture are central to Alberta's economy, per Discover Canada.
What three industries are important to Saskatchewan's economy today?
Answer: Wheat and grain farming, potash mining, uranium mining
Wheat and grain farming, potash mining, and uranium mining are central to Saskatchewan's economy, per Discover Canada.
What three industries are important to Manitoba's economy today?
Answer: Agriculture, manufacturing, hydroelectric power
Agriculture, manufacturing, and hydroelectric power are central to Manitoba's economy, per Discover Canada.
What three industries are important to Quebec's economy today?
Answer: Forestry, hydroelectric power, aerospace
Forestry, hydroelectric power, and aerospace are central to Quebec's economy, per Discover Canada.
What three industries are important to New Brunswick's economy today?
Answer: Forestry, agriculture, fisheries
Forestry, agriculture, and fisheries are central to New Brunswick's economy, per Discover Canada.
What three industries are important to Nova Scotia's economy today?
Answer: Fishing, shipbuilding, offshore oil and gas
Fishing, shipbuilding, and offshore oil and gas are central to Nova Scotia's economy, per Discover Canada.
What three industries are important to Prince Edward Island's economy today?
Answer: Potato farming, fisheries, tourism
Potato farming, fisheries, and tourism are central to Prince Edward Island's economy, per Discover Canada.
What three industries are important to Newfoundland and Labrador's economy today?
Answer: Fishing, offshore oil and gas, mining
Fishing, offshore oil and gas, and mining are central to Newfoundland and Labrador's economy, per Discover Canada.
What three industries are important to Yukon's economy today?
Answer: Mining, tourism, hunting and trapping
Mining, tourism, and hunting and trapping are central to Yukon's economy, per Discover Canada.
What three industries are important to the Northwest Territories' economy today?
Answer: Diamond mining, oil and gas, tourism
Diamond mining, oil and gas, and tourism are central to the Northwest Territories' economy, per Discover Canada.
What three industries are important to Nunavut's economy today?
Answer: Mining, hunting and fishing, Inuit art
Mining, hunting and fishing, and inuit art are central to Nunavut's economy, per Discover Canada.
Geography
Study guide →Where does Canada rank in the world's largest countries?
Answer: Second
Discover Canada states Canada is the second largest country in the world by area.
Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, was once named Frobisher Bay after which English Arctic explorer?
Answer: Martin Frobisher
Iqaluit, formerly Frobisher Bay, is named after the English explorer Martin Frobisher, who explored the Arctic for Queen Elizabeth I in 1576.
Fill in the blank. In Inuktitut, the name 'Nunavut' means ______.
Answer: Our land
Nunavut means 'our land' in Inuktitut; about 85% of its population is Inuit.
Answer: Montreal
Montreal is Canada's second-largest city and the second-largest mainly French-speaking city in the world after Paris.
Answer: People of Quebec.
Quebecers are the people of Quebec, with a French-speaking majority, per Discover Canada study materials.
Fill in the blank. The largest city in Canada is ______.
Answer: Toronto
The guide identifies Toronto as Canada's largest city and its main financial centre.
Which province is known for the Bay of Fundy and the highest tides in the world?
Answer: Nova Scotia.
Discover Canada describes Nova Scotia as known for the world’s highest tides in the Bay of Fundy.
Fill in the blank. The province with its own time zone is ______.
Answer: Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland has its own time zone (Newfoundland Standard Time) per Discover Canada.
Fill in the blank. ______ is Canada's only officially bilingual province.
Answer: New Brunswick.
New Brunswick is Canada's only officially bilingual province.
What three oceans border Canada?
Answer: Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific.
Canada is bordered by the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific oceans.
What are the Prairie provinces and their capital cities?
Answer: Alberta (Edmonton), Saskatchewan (Regina) and Manitoba (Winnipeg).
The three Prairie provinces and their capitals per Discover Canada are Alberta/Edmonton, Saskatchewan/Regina, Manitoba/Winnipeg.
Answer: Yellowknife
Yellowknife, capital of the Northwest Territories, is called the 'diamond capital of North America.'
True/False. Canada has ten provinces and three territories.
Answer: True
True. Canada is made up of ten provinces and three territories.
What is the capital city of Ontario?
Answer: Toronto
Toronto is the capital city of Ontario per Discover Canada.
Fill in the blank. The longest river in Canada is ______.
Answer: The Mackenzie River.
Discover Canada states the Mackenzie River, at 4,200 km, is the second-longest river system in North America (after the Mississippi) and the longest in Canada.
What are the provinces of Central Canada and their capital cities?
Answer: Ontario (Toronto) and Quebec (Quebec City).
Central Canada consists of Ontario (Toronto) and Quebec (Quebec City).
What is a major river in Quebec?
Answer: St. Lawrence River
The St. Lawrence River is the major river of Quebec per Discover Canada.
Answer: Lake Superior.
Discover Canada identifies Lake Superior, one of the five Great Lakes, as the largest freshwater lake in the world.
Answer: True
True. Mount Logan in the Yukon is Canada's highest mountain, named after Sir William Logan, a world-famous geologist and one of Canada's greatest scientists.
Fill in the blank. The capital city of Canada is ______.
Answer: Ottawa.
Discover Canada states Ottawa is the capital city of Canada.
What are the provinces of the Atlantic region and their capital cities?
Answer: Newfoundland and Labrador (St. John's), Nova Scotia (Halifax), New Brunswick (Fredericton) and Prince Edward Island (Charlottetown).
The four Atlantic provinces and their capitals per Discover Canada are exactly these; other options wrongly include Quebec/Ontario.
Answer: Between Ontario and the United States
The Great Lakes lie along the border between Ontario and the United States.
Which region covers more than one-third of Canada?
Answer: Northern Territories.
The Northern territories cover more than one-third of Canada's landmass.
True/False. The Prairie provinces are Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta.
Answer: True
True. Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta are the Prairie provinces.
Which is Canada's most recently created territory, carved from the eastern Northwest Territories?
Answer: Nunavut
Nunavut is Canada's newest territory, created from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories. Its name means 'our land' in Inuktitut.
Fill in the blank. The highest mountain in Canada is ______.
Answer: Mount Logan, in the Yukon.
Discover Canada states that Mount Logan, located in the Yukon, is the highest mountain in Canada.
Fill in the blank. Canada is bordered to the south by the ______.
Answer: United States of America.
The United States borders Canada to the south.
Fill in the blank. About one third of all Canadians live in the province of ______.
Answer: Ontario.
About one-third of Canadians live in Ontario per Discover Canada.
Which city is home to Canada's largest naval base and is a major Atlantic port?
Answer: Halifax, Nova Scotia
Halifax is Canada's largest east coast port (deep-water and ice-free) and home to Canada's largest naval base.
True/False. Ottawa is the largest city in Canada.
Answer: False
False. Ottawa is Canada's capital, but Toronto is the largest city.
In which region do more than half the people in Canada live?
Answer: Central Canada.
Discover Canada notes more than half of Canadians live in Central Canada (Ontario and Quebec).
Fill in the blank. The smallest province in Canada by land size is ______.
Answer: Prince Edward Island.
Prince Edward Island is the smallest province in land size per Discover Canada.
What are the territories of Northern Canada and their capital cities?
Answer: Yukon Territory (Whitehorse), Northwest Territories (Yellowknife), and Nunavut (Iqaluit).
The three northern territories and capitals are Yukon (Whitehorse), Northwest Territories (Yellowknife) and Nunavut (Iqaluit).
Fill in the blank. The Confederation Bridge links Prince Edward Island to ______.
Answer: New Brunswick
The nearly 13-km Confederation Bridge joins Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick.
Answer: A large area of ancient rock covering about half of Canada, rich in minerals.
The Canadian Shield is a vast region of ancient rock covering roughly half the country and holding much of Canada’s mineral wealth.
Name the five regions of Canada
Answer: Atlantic, Central, Prairie, West Coast, and North
Discover Canada identifies the five regions as the Atlantic, Central Canada, the Prairies, the West Coast, and the North.
True/False. Canada is bordered by three oceans: the Atlantic, the Pacific and the Arctic.
Answer: True
True. Canada borders the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic oceans.
Answer: Prairie provinces.
The Prairie provinces are rich in both fertile farmland and energy resources per Discover Canada.
Fill in the blank. Ottawa was chosen as the capital of Canada in 1857 by ______.
Answer: Queen Victoria
Ottawa was chosen as the capital in 1857 by Queen Victoria.
True/False. Nunavut was the first territory created in Canada, in 1870.
Answer: False
False. Nunavut was created in 1999; the Northwest Territories date from 1870.
Answer: Rangers
The Canadian Rangers are part of the Canadian Forces Reserves and keep watch over Canada's vast Arctic.
Canada has three territories and how many provinces?
Answer: 10
Canada has ten provinces and three territories per Discover Canada.
True/False. Canada is the second-largest country in the world by area.
Answer: True
True. Canada is the second-largest country on earth by area, after Russia.
True/False. British Columbia is located on Canada's Atlantic coast.
Answer: False
False. British Columbia is on Canada's Pacific (west) coast.
Fill in the blank. Most French-speaking Canadians live in the province of ______.
Answer: Quebec.
The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec.
More than half of Canadians live in cities and towns near the Great Lakes and which major river?
Answer: The St. Lawrence River.
Per Discover Canada, more than half the people in Canada live in cities and towns near the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River in southern Quebec and Ontario, known as Central Canada.
Which province has the largest French-speaking population outside Quebec?
Answer: Ontario
Ontario has the largest French-speaking population outside Quebec.
What is the capital city of British Columbia?
Answer: Victoria
Victoria is the capital city of British Columbia; on Vancouver Island; the largest city is Vancouver.
What is the capital city of Alberta?
Answer: Edmonton
Edmonton is the capital city of Alberta; Calgary is the largest city.
What is the capital city of Saskatchewan?
Answer: Regina
Regina is the capital city of Saskatchewan; home of the RCMP training academy; Saskatoon is the largest city.
What is the capital city of Manitoba?
Answer: Winnipeg
Winnipeg is the capital city of Manitoba; a historic hub of the Metis Nation and the fur trade.
What is the capital city of Quebec?
Answer: Quebec City
Quebec City is the capital city of Quebec; Montreal is the largest city.
What is the capital city of New Brunswick?
Answer: Fredericton
Fredericton is the capital city of New Brunswick; New Brunswick is Canada's only officially bilingual province.
What is the capital city of Nova Scotia?
Answer: Halifax
Halifax is the capital city of Nova Scotia; home to Canada's largest naval base on the Atlantic.
What is the capital city of Prince Edward Island?
Answer: Charlottetown
Charlottetown is the capital city of Prince Edward Island; known as the birthplace of Confederation.
What is the capital city of Newfoundland and Labrador?
Answer: St. John's
St. John's is the capital city of Newfoundland and Labrador; one of the oldest cities in North America.
What is the capital city of Yukon?
Answer: Whitehorse
Whitehorse is the capital city of Yukon; Mount Logan, Canada's highest peak, is in Yukon.
What is the capital city of the Northwest Territories?
Answer: Yellowknife
Yellowknife is the capital city of the Northwest Territories; the territory is known for diamond mining.
What is the capital city of Nunavut?
Answer: Iqaluit
Iqaluit is the capital city of Nunavut; the majority of the population is Inuit.
Which of the following is NOT one of the five Great Lakes?
Answer: Lake Winnipeg.
The five Great Lakes, located between Ontario and the United States, are Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan (in the U.S.A.) and Lake Superior, the largest freshwater lake in the world.
Which province is the most easterly point in North America?
Answer: Newfoundland and Labrador.
Newfoundland and Labrador is the most easterly point in North America and has its own time zone.
Fill in the blank. ______ was the oldest colony of the British Empire.
Answer: Newfoundland and Labrador.
Newfoundland and Labrador was the oldest colony of the British Empire and a strategic prize in Canada's early history, long known for its fisheries, coastal fishing villages and distinct culture.
Which is the most populous Atlantic province?
Answer: Nova Scotia.
Nova Scotia is the most populous Atlantic province, with a rich history as the gateway to Canada and the world's highest tides in the Bay of Fundy. Its Celtic and Gaelic traditions sustain a vibrant culture.
New Brunswick was founded by which group?
Answer: The United Empire Loyalists.
Situated in the Appalachian Range, New Brunswick was founded by the United Empire Loyalists and has the second largest river system on North America's Atlantic coastline, the St. John River system.
Answer: St. John River.
New Brunswick's St. John River system is the second largest river system on North America's Atlantic coastline.
True/False. Ottawa is Canada's fourth largest metropolitan area.
Answer: True
True. Chosen as the capital by Queen Victoria in 1857, Ottawa is today Canada's fourth largest metropolitan area. The National Capital Region, 4,700 square kilometres surrounding Ottawa, preserves and enhances the area's built heritage and natural environment.
Fill in the blank. Toronto is the largest city in Canada and the country's main ______ centre.
Answer: Financial.
Toronto is the largest city in Canada and the country's main financial centre. Many people work in the service or manufacturing industries, which produce a large percentage of Canada's exports.
The most famous street intersection in Canada, Portage and Main, is in which city?
Answer: Winnipeg.
Winnipeg's Exchange District includes the most famous street intersection in Canada, Portage and Main.
Winnipeg's French Quarter, home to Western Canada's largest Francophone community, is called what?
Answer: St. Boniface.
Winnipeg's French Quarter, St. Boniface, has Western Canada's largest Francophone community, at 45,000.
Which province has the largest Aboriginal population share of any province, at more than 15%?
Answer: Manitoba.
Manitoba has the largest Aboriginal population of any province, at over 15%. It is also an important centre of Ukrainian culture, with 14% reporting Ukrainian origins.
Which province was once known as the "breadbasket of the world" and the "wheat province"?
Answer: Saskatchewan.
Saskatchewan, once known as the "breadbasket of the world" and the "wheat province," has 40% of the arable land in Canada and is the country's largest producer of grains and oilseeds.
Saskatchewan's largest city and the headquarters of the mining industry is ______.
Answer: Saskatoon.
Saskatoon, the largest city in Saskatchewan, is the headquarters of the mining industry and an important educational, research and technology centre. Regina, the capital, is home to the RCMP training academy.
Which is the most populous Prairie province?
Answer: Alberta.
Alberta is the most populous Prairie province.
Alberta and Lake Louise were named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta. Who was she?
Answer: The fourth daughter of Queen Victoria.
Both the province of Alberta and the world-famous Lake Louise in the Rocky Mountains were named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, fourth daughter of Queen Victoria.
Banff National Park, established in 1885, is in which province?
Answer: Alberta.
Alberta has five national parks, including Banff National Park, established in 1885. The rugged Badlands there house some of the world's richest deposits of prehistoric fossils and dinosaur finds.
Answer: True
True. B.C. has the most extensive park system in Canada, with approximately 600 provincial parks.
In British Columbia's cities, which two languages are the most spoken after English?
Answer: Chinese and Punjabi.
B.C.'s large Asian communities have made Chinese and Punjabi the most spoken languages in the cities after English.
The capital of British Columbia, Victoria, is the headquarters of what?
Answer: The navy's Pacific fleet.
Victoria, the capital of British Columbia, is a tourist centre and headquarters of the navy's Pacific fleet.
Answer: Yukon.
Yukon holds the record for the coldest temperature ever recorded in Canada (-63 degrees Celsius). The White Pass and Yukon Railway, opened in 1900, offers a spectacular tourist excursion there.
The Northwest Territories were originally made up in 1870 from Rupert's Land and what other region?
Answer: The North-Western Territory.
The Northwest Territories were originally made up in 1870 from Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory. The capital, Yellowknife, is called the "diamond capital of North America."
True/False. More than half the population of the Northwest Territories is Aboriginal.
Answer: True
True. More than half the population of the Northwest Territories is Aboriginal (Dene, Inuit and Metis).
Nunavut was established in what year?
Answer: 1999.
Nunavut, meaning "our land" in Inuktitut, was established in 1999 from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories, including all of the former District of Keewatin.
About what share of Nunavut's population is Inuit?
Answer: 85%.
Nunavut's population is about 85% Inuit, and Inuktitut is an official language and the first language in schools.
Why is Canada's North often referred to as the "Land of the Midnight Sun"?
Answer: At the height of summer, daylight can last up to 24 hours.
The North is often referred to as the "Land of the Midnight Sun" because at the height of summer, daylight can last up to 24 hours. In winter, the sun disappears and darkness sets in for three months.
Government & Elections
Study guide →True/False. In Canada, voting is open and you are required to tell others how you voted.
Answer: False
False. Canadians vote by secret ballot and are not obliged to tell anyone how they voted.
Answer: In the part of Montreal where she was elected.
An MP's electoral district (riding) is the specific area where she was elected, per Discover Canada's description of how MPs are chosen.
How can Canadian citizens find out when and where to vote?
Answer: They can contact Elections Canada
Elections Canada, a non-partisan agency of Parliament, runs federal elections and sends a voter information card; citizens can contact it to confirm when and where to vote.
Answer: judicial
Canada's three branches of government are the executive, the legislative and the judicial.
Which phrase from the British North America Act (1867) sums up good governance in Canada?
Answer: Peace, Order and Good Government.
“Peace, Order and Good Government” is a key phrase from Canada’s 1867 constitutional document, the British North America Act, per Discover Canada.
True/False. The Governor General represents the Sovereign in Canada.
Answer: True
True. The Sovereign is represented in Canada by the Governor General.
Fill in the blank. In Canada, a bill cannot become law until it ______.
Answer: has been passed by the House of Commons and the Senate and has received royal assent
No bill becomes law until it has been passed by both the House of Commons and the Senate and has received royal assent (granted by the Governor General on the Sovereign's behalf).
Which of the following is NOT a feature of Canada's system of government?
Answer: Dictatorship.
Canada is a federal state, parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy; dictatorship is not a feature.
True/False. Voting in a Canadian federal election is done by secret ballot.
Answer: True
True. Canadians vote by secret ballot, and no one can be forced to say how they voted.
What do you call the Sovereign’s representative in the provinces?
Answer: Lieutenant-Governor.
The Sovereign is represented in each province by the Lieutenant-Governor.
Answer: True
True. Depending on the province or territory, members are called MLAs, MNAs (Quebec), MPPs (Ontario) or MHAs.
Answer: the House of Commons and other legislatures
In a parliamentary democracy, Canadians elect members to the House of Commons in Ottawa and to the provincial and territorial legislatures. Senators are appointed, not elected.
Answer: Opposition parties
The opposition parties peacefully oppose or try to improve government proposals; the opposition party with the most seats is the Official Opposition.
What is the difference between the role of the Sovereign and that of the Prime Minister?
Answer: The Sovereign is the guardian of Constitutional freedoms, the Prime Minister selects the Cabinet ministers and is responsible for operations and policy of government.
Static constitutional distinction between the Sovereign and the Prime Minister; unchanged as of July 2026.
What is a majority government?
Answer: When the party in power holds at least half of the seats in the House of Commons.
A majority government holds at least half of the seats in the House of Commons per Discover Canada.
Which political party is in power in Ontario?
Answer: Progressive Conservative Party
The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, led by Doug Ford, is the governing party in Ontario as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Premier of Ontario?
Answer: Premier Doug Ford
Doug Ford (Progressive Conservative) is Premier of Ontario as of July 2026, having won a third consecutive majority in February 2025.
What does the term “responsible government” mean?
Answer: The ministers of the Crown must have the support of a majority of the elected representatives in order to govern.
Responsible government means the ministers of the Crown must retain the confidence (support) of a majority of elected representatives.
Who is the leader of the Federal Official Opposition Party?
Answer: Pierre Poilievre
Pierre Poilievre leads the Conservative Party, the federal Official Opposition, and was retained as leader at the party's 2026 convention.
How are Members of Parliament chosen?
Answer: Elected by Canadian citizens.
Members of Parliament are elected by Canadian citizens in their electoral districts.
What does the “right to a secret ballot” mean?
Answer: No one can watch your vote and no one should look at how you voted
The secret ballot means no one can watch you vote or see how you voted.
Answer: True
True. After an election, the party with the most elected members is invited by the Governor General to form the government.
True/False. Senators in Canada are elected by voters.
Answer: False
False. Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Answer: Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Discover Canada states Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Who has the right to vote in federal elections?
Answer: A Canadian citizen, 18 years or older, and on voters' list.
To vote federally you must be a Canadian citizen, at least 18, and on the voters' list.
What is the name of the leader of the Opposition in Ontario?
Answer: Marit Stiles
Marit Stiles (Ontario NDP) is Leader of the Official Opposition in Ontario as of July 2026, continuing after the 2025 provincial election.
What is the purpose of federal “equalization” payments?
Answer: To help less wealthy provinces provide public services comparable to other provinces.
Equalization transfers federal funds to less prosperous provinces so all Canadians have access to reasonably comparable public services.
Who is the King's representative in Canada?
Answer: Governor General of Canada.
The Governor General is the Sovereign's representative in Canada at the federal level.
True/False. Members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.
Answer: False
False. Members of the House of Commons are elected by voters in each electoral district.
How is the government formed after a federal election?
Answer: Ordinarily, the party with the most elected representatives becomes the party in power. The leader of this party becomes the Prime Minister.
Per Discover Canada, the party with the most seats forms government and its leader becomes Prime Minister.
What do you mark on a federal election ballot?
Answer: An x
Discover Canada instructs voters to mark an 'X' in the circle next to their chosen candidate.
What is the role of the Opposition parties?
Answer: To oppose or try to improve government proposals.
Static role of the opposition: to peacefully oppose or seek to improve government proposals; unchanged as of July 2026.
Which federal political party is in power?
Answer: Liberal Party.
The Liberal Party, led by Mark Carney, is the governing federal party as of July 2026 (Liberal majority).
Which party is the Official Opposition at the federal level?
Answer: The Conservative Party.
The Conservative Party is the federal Official Opposition as of July 2026, led by Pierre Poilievre.
What are the three levels of government in Canada?
Answer: Federal, Provincial and Territorial, Municipal (local).
Discover Canada lists federal, provincial/territorial, and municipal as the three levels of government.
Where are the Parliament Buildings located?
Answer: Ottawa.
The Parliament Buildings are located in Ottawa per Discover Canada.
Which of the following is NOT a level of government in Canada?
Answer: The judiciary
Canada has three levels of government: federal, provincial/territorial and municipal (local). The judiciary is a branch of government, not a level.
Name all the federal political parties in the House of Commons and their leaders
Answer: Liberal (Mark Carney), Conservative (Pierre Poilievre), Bloc Quebecois (Yves-Francois Blanchet), NDP (Avi Lewis), Green (Elizabeth May)
As of July 2026 the House leaders are Liberal (Mark Carney), Conservative (Pierre Poilievre), Bloc Quebecois (Yves-Francois Blanchet), NDP (Avi Lewis, elected March 2026), and Green (Elizabeth May); the interim-leader option is stale.
Who do Members of Parliament represent?
Answer: Everyone who lives in his or her electoral district.
Discover Canada states MPs represent everyone in their electoral district (riding).
What is the name of the Governor General?
Answer: Louise Arbour.
The Honourable Louise Arbour was installed as Canada's 31st Governor General on June 8, 2026, so the option 'Louise Arbour' is now the current correct answer.
True/False. The Governor General is elected by Canadian voters.
Answer: False
False. The Governor General is appointed by the Sovereign on the advice of the Prime Minister, usually for five years.
What are the three parts of Parliament?
Answer: The Sovereign, the House of Commons and the Senate.
Parliament consists of the Sovereign (Crown), the House of Commons and the Senate.
Who is Canada's Head of State?
Answer: His Majesty King Charles III.
The Sovereign (King Charles III) is Canada's Head of State.
What is a voter information card?
Answer: A form that tells you when and where to vote.
The voter information card tells you when and where to vote.
Answer: Approval by a majority in the House of Commons and Senate and finally the Governor General.
A bill must pass the House of Commons and Senate and receive Royal Assent from the Governor General.
What are the three branches of Canadian government?
Answer: Executive, legislative and judicial.
Discover Canada describes the three branches of government as the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial, which work together but sometimes in creative tension.
True/False. Health care and education are responsibilities of the federal government.
Answer: False
False. Health and education are provincial/territorial responsibilities, not federal.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario?
Answer: Edith Dumont
Edith Dumont is Ontario's 30th Lieutenant Governor, in office since November 2023 and serving as of July 2026.
Name two responsibilities of the provincial and territorial government.
Answer: Health and Education
Provincial and territorial governments are responsible for areas such as health and education.
Who have major responsibilities on First Nations reserves?
Answer: Band chiefs and councillors.
Discover Canada states band chiefs and councillors have major responsibilities on First Nations reserves.
True/False. Canadian citizens aged 16 and over may vote in federal elections.
Answer: False
False. Citizens aged 18 and over may vote in federal elections.
Fill in the blank. ______ are appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Answer: Senators
Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister and may serve until age 75. MPs, mayors and premiers are elected.
Fill in the blank. The federal government is responsible for ______.
Answer: foreign policy
The federal government handles matters of national concern such as defence, foreign policy, citizenship, currency and criminal law. Highways and health are provincial; recycling and firefighting are municipal.
In a federal election, how is the winner in each electoral district (riding) decided?
Answer: The candidate who receives the most votes becomes the MP, even without a majority.
Canada uses a “first-past-the-post” system: in each riding the candidate with the most votes wins and becomes the Member of Parliament.
Answer: True
True. Canada has federal, provincial/territorial and municipal (local) levels of government.
In each of Canada's three territories, who represents the federal government in a ceremonial role?
Answer: The Commissioner
In the three territories, the Commissioner represents the federal government and plays a ceremonial role, similar to a Lieutenant Governor in a province.
Answer: Call Elections Canada or visit their website.
If you do not receive a voter information card you should contact Elections Canada.
When asked, who must you tell how you voted in a federal election?
Answer: No one.
Voting is by secret ballot; Discover Canada states no one has the right to insist you tell them how you voted.
What is the government of all of Canada called?
Answer: Federal.
The government of all of Canada is called the federal government.
Who is the Head of Government?
Answer: The Prime Minister
Discover Canada identifies the Prime Minister as the head of government (the Sovereign is head of state).
Who do Canadians vote for in a federal election?
Answer: A candidate they want to represent them in Parliament.
In a federal election Canadians vote for a candidate to represent them in Parliament.
True/False. Canada is a federal state, a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.
Answer: True
True. These are the three key facts about Canada's system of government.
When must federal elections be held?
Answer: On the third Monday in October every four years following the most recent general election.
Fixed federal elections are held on the third Monday in October every four years after the last general election.
Answer: True
True. No bill becomes law until passed by both chambers and given royal assent.
Local laws passed by a municipal (city or town) government are called what?
Answer: By-laws
A municipal council (a mayor or reeve and councillors/aldermen) passes local laws called by-laws.
How is a Cabinet Minister chosen?
Answer: By the Prime Minister
Discover Canada states Cabinet ministers are chosen by the Prime Minister.
What is the name of the Prime Minister of Canada and his/her party?
Answer: Mark Carney (Liberal Party).
Mark Carney of the Liberal Party is Prime Minister of Canada as of July 2026, leading a Liberal majority government.
Who has the right to run as a candidate in federal elections?
Answer: Any Canadian citizen who is at least 18 years old.
Discover Canada states any Canadian citizen at least 18 years old can run as a candidate in federal elections.
Which party becomes the Official Opposition?
Answer: The party with the second most MPs.
Static rule: the party with the second-largest number of seats forms the Official Opposition; unchanged as of July 2026.
After a federal election, which party forms the new government?
Answer: The party with the most elected representatives is invited by the Governor General to become the party in power.
Per Discover Canada, after an election the party with the most MPs is invited by the Governor General to form the government.
What do you call a law before it is passed?
Answer: A Bill.
Discover Canada explains a proposed law is called a bill before it is passed.
True/False. Canada is a republic led by an elected president.
Answer: False
False. Canada is a constitutional monarchy; the Sovereign is head of state and there is no president.
True/False. In Canada, the Prime Minister is the head of government.
Answer: True
True. The Prime Minister is the head of government and directs the governing of the country; the Sovereign is head of state.
Name two responsibilities of the federal government.
Answer: National defence and foreign policy.
Discover Canada lists national defence and foreign policy among federal government responsibilities.
When you vote on election day, what do you do?
Answer: Go to the voting station with your voter's card and ID, mark an X next to your chosen candidate, fold the ballot and present it to the poll officials who will tear off the ballot number and give you the ballot to deposit in the box
This describes the correct federal voting procedure outlined in Discover Canada.
Once appointed, until what age may a Senator serve?
Answer: 75
Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister and may serve until age 75.
True/False. The Prime Minister is Canada's Head of State.
Answer: False
False. The Sovereign (King or Queen) is Canada's Head of State; the Prime Minister is the Head of Government.
Fill in the blank. A federal election could be called if ______.
Answer: the party in power loses the confidence of the House of Commons in a vote of confidence
Cabinet ministers must retain the 'confidence of the House.' If the government is defeated on a confidence vote, it must resign, which can trigger an election.
What does it mean to say Canada is a constitutional monarchy?
Answer: Canada's Head of State is a hereditary Sovereign (Queen or King) who reigns in accordance with the Constitution.
Discover Canada defines constitutional monarchy this way.
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the federal government?
Answer: Education
The federal government handles defence, foreign policy, citizenship, currency and criminal law. Education is a provincial/territorial responsibility.
How is the Prime Minister chosen?
Answer: The leader of the party with the most elected representatives becomes the Prime Minister.
Structural/static rule: the leader of the party with the most seats in the House of Commons becomes PM; unchanged as of July 2026.
Answer: House of Commons
The House of Commons is the representative chamber, made up of members of Parliament elected by the people in each electoral district. Senators are appointed.
What is Canada's system of government called?
Answer: Parliamentary government.
Canada's system of government is a parliamentary government (parliamentary democracy).
True/False. The Prime Minister is chosen directly by a national vote of all Canadians.
Answer: False
False. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the party that wins the most seats in the House of Commons; voters elect local MPs, not the PM directly.
Fill in the blank. Your municipal (local) government is responsible for ______.
Answer: recycling and garbage collection
Municipal (local) governments handle local services such as recycling, garbage collection, snow removal and firefighting. Defence and trade are federal; health care is provincial.
What is the name of the Premier of British Columbia?
Answer: David Eby
David Eby (BC New Democratic Party) is Premier of British Columbia as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia?
Answer: Wendy Cocchia
Wendy Cocchia is the Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in British Columbia?
Answer: BC New Democratic Party (BC NDP)
The BC New Democratic Party (BC NDP) is in power in British Columbia as of July 2026, led by Premier David Eby.
What is the name of the Premier of Alberta?
Answer: Danielle Smith
Danielle Smith (United Conservative Party) is Premier of Alberta as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta?
Answer: Salma Lakhani
Salma Lakhani is the Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in Alberta?
Answer: United Conservative Party (UCP)
The United Conservative Party (UCP) is in power in Alberta as of July 2026, led by Premier Danielle Smith.
What is the name of the leader of the Opposition in Alberta?
Answer: Naheed Nenshi
Naheed Nenshi (Alberta New Democratic Party) is Leader of the Official Opposition in Alberta as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Premier of Saskatchewan?
Answer: Scott Moe
Scott Moe (Saskatchewan Party) is Premier of Saskatchewan as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan?
Answer: Bernadette McIntyre
Bernadette McIntyre is the Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in Saskatchewan?
Answer: Saskatchewan Party
The Saskatchewan Party is in power in Saskatchewan as of July 2026, led by Premier Scott Moe.
What is the name of the leader of the Opposition in Saskatchewan?
Answer: Carla Beck
Carla Beck (Saskatchewan New Democratic Party) is Leader of the Official Opposition in Saskatchewan as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Premier of Manitoba?
Answer: Wab Kinew
Wab Kinew (New Democratic Party) is Premier of Manitoba as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba?
Answer: Anita Neville
Anita Neville is the Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in Manitoba?
Answer: New Democratic Party (NDP)
The New Democratic Party (NDP) is in power in Manitoba as of July 2026, led by Premier Wab Kinew.
What is the name of the leader of the Opposition in Manitoba?
Answer: Obby Khan
Obby Khan (Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba) is Leader of the Official Opposition in Manitoba as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Premier of Quebec?
Answer: Christine Frechette
Christine Frechette (Coalition Avenir Quebec) is Premier of Quebec as of July 2026; became Quebec's 33rd premier in April 2026, succeeding Francois Legault.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec?
Answer: Manon Jeannotte
Manon Jeannotte is the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in Quebec?
Answer: Coalition Avenir Quebec (CAQ)
The Coalition Avenir Quebec (CAQ) is in power in Quebec as of July 2026, led by Premier Christine Frechette.
What is the name of the Premier of New Brunswick?
Answer: Susan Holt
Susan Holt (Liberal Party of New Brunswick) is Premier of New Brunswick as of July 2026; the province's first woman premier, in office since November 2024.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick?
Answer: Louise Imbeault
Louise Imbeault is the Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in New Brunswick?
Answer: Liberal Party of New Brunswick
The Liberal Party of New Brunswick is in power in New Brunswick as of July 2026, led by Premier Susan Holt.
What is the name of the Premier of Nova Scotia?
Answer: Tim Houston
Tim Houston (Progressive Conservative Party) is Premier of Nova Scotia as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia?
Answer: Mike Savage
Mike Savage is the Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in Nova Scotia?
Answer: Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia is in power in Nova Scotia as of July 2026, led by Premier Tim Houston.
What is the name of the leader of the Opposition in Nova Scotia?
Answer: Claudia Chender
Claudia Chender (Nova Scotia New Democratic Party) is Leader of the Official Opposition in Nova Scotia as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Premier of Prince Edward Island?
Answer: Rob Lantz
Rob Lantz (Progressive Conservative Party) is Premier of Prince Edward Island as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Prince Edward Island?
Answer: Wassim Salamoun
Wassim Salamoun is the Lieutenant-Governor of Prince Edward Island, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in Prince Edward Island?
Answer: Progressive Conservative Party of Prince Edward Island
The Progressive Conservative Party of Prince Edward Island is in power in Prince Edward Island as of July 2026, led by Premier Rob Lantz.
What is the name of the Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador?
Answer: Tony Wakeham
Tony Wakeham (Progressive Conservative Party) is Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador as of July 2026; in office since the October 2025 provincial election.
What is the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador?
Answer: Joan Marie Aylward
Joan Marie Aylward is the Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, the representative of the Crown in the province, as of July 2026.
Which political party is in power in Newfoundland and Labrador?
Answer: Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
The Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador is in power in Newfoundland and Labrador as of July 2026, led by Premier Tony Wakeham.
What is the name of the leader of the Opposition in Newfoundland and Labrador?
Answer: John Hogan
John Hogan (Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador) is Leader of the Official Opposition in Newfoundland and Labrador as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Premier of Yukon?
Answer: Currie Dixon
Currie Dixon (Yukon Party) is Premier of Yukon as of July 2026; in office since the November 2025 territorial election.
What is the name of the Commissioner of Yukon?
Answer: Adeline Webber
Adeline Webber is the Commissioner of Yukon as of July 2026. In the territories, a Commissioner represents the federal government in a role similar to a province's Lieutenant-Governor.
Which political party is in power in Yukon?
Answer: Yukon Party
The Yukon Party is in power in Yukon as of July 2026, led by Premier Currie Dixon.
What is the name of the leader of the Opposition in Yukon?
Answer: Kate White
Kate White (Yukon New Democratic Party) is Leader of the Official Opposition in Yukon as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Premier of the Northwest Territories?
Answer: R.J. Simpson
R.J. Simpson is Premier of the Northwest Territories as of July 2026.
What is the name of the Commissioner of the Northwest Territories?
Answer: Gerald Kisoun
Gerald Kisoun is the Commissioner of the Northwest Territories as of July 2026. In the territories, a Commissioner represents the federal government in a role similar to a province's Lieutenant-Governor.
What form of government does the Northwest Territories have?
Answer: Consensus government, with no political parties
the Northwest Territories uses consensus government: members of the legislative assembly are elected as independents, without political parties, and choose the premier and cabinet from among themselves.
What is the name of the Premier of Nunavut?
Answer: John Main
John Main is Premier of Nunavut as of July 2026; chosen by MLAs after the October 2025 election.
What form of government does Nunavut have?
Answer: Consensus government, with no political parties
Nunavut uses consensus government: members of the legislative assembly are elected as independents, without political parties, and choose the premier and cabinet from among themselves.
Who appoints the Lieutenant Governor of each province?
Answer: The Governor General, on the advice of the Prime Minister.
In each of the ten provinces, the Sovereign is represented by the Lieutenant Governor, who is appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister, usually for five years.
In each province, who has a role similar to that of the Prime Minister?
Answer: The Premier.
In each province, the Premier has a role similar to that of the Prime Minister in the federal government, per Discover Canada.
A municipal council usually includes a mayor (or a reeve) and which other officials?
Answer: Councillors or aldermen.
Discover Canada explains that a municipal council usually includes a mayor (or a reeve) and councillors or aldermen, responsible for the local community.
Which two areas do the federal government and the provinces share jurisdiction over?
Answer: Agriculture and immigration.
The federal government and the provinces share jurisdiction over agriculture and immigration; matters like defence, currency and citizenship are federal, while education and highways are provincial.
What is a minority government?
Answer: When the party in power holds fewer than half of the seats in the House of Commons.
If the party in power holds fewer than half of the seats in the House of Commons, this is called a minority government, per Discover Canada.
During which stage of a bill's passage do members debate the bill's principle?
Answer: Second reading.
At second reading, members debate the bill's principle. First reading is when the bill is considered read for the first time and printed, and at committee stage members study it clause by clause.
Answer: True
True. The final step for a bill is royal assent, which it receives after being passed by both Houses of Parliament. Royal assent is granted by the Governor General on behalf of the Sovereign.
Elections Canada produces the lists of voters from which permanent database?
Answer: The National Register of Electors.
Elections Canada is the neutral agency that administers federal elections and produces voters' lists from the National Register of Electors. Electors listed in it receive a voter information card.
If you cannot or do not wish to vote on election day, what can you do?
Answer: Vote at the advance polls or by special ballot.
Discover Canada explains that if you cannot or do not wish to vote on election day, you can vote at the advance polls or by special ballot.
True/False. When the polls close, every ballot is counted and the results are made public.
Answer: True
True. When the polls close, every ballot is counted and the results are made public. You can see the results on television or on the Elections Canada website.
History
Study guide →Answer: True
True. Banting and Best discovered insulin, which has saved millions of lives worldwide.
Fill in the blank. In 1534, ______ sailed up the St. Lawrence River and claimed the land for France.
Answer: Jacques Cartier
Discover Canada credits Jacques Cartier with making three voyages beginning in 1534 and claiming the land for France.
Answer: The descendants of French colonists who began settling in what are now the Maritime provinces in 1604.
Acadians are descendants of French colonists who settled the Maritimes starting in 1604.
Fill in the blank. The highest military honour a Canadian can receive is the ______.
Answer: Victoria Cross.
The Victoria Cross is the highest military honour a Canadian can receive.
Answer: La Francophonie
In 1970, Canada helped found La Francophonie, an international association of French-speaking countries.
What is the name of the distinct dialect traditionally spoken by the Métis?
Answer: Michif
The Métis come from mixed French- and English-speaking backgrounds and speak their own dialect, Michif.
Fill in the blank. The famous painting 'The Jack Pine' was created by the Canadian artist ______.
Answer: Tom Thomson
'The Jack Pine' is a famous painting by Tom Thomson.
Fill in the blank. Joseph-Armand Bombardier invented the ______.
Answer: snowmobile
Joseph-Armand Bombardier invented the snowmobile, a lightweight winter vehicle.
Who was the first leader of a responsible government in the Canadas in 1849?
Answer: Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine.
Discover Canada names Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine as the first head of a responsible government in the Canadas in 1849.
True/False. In the War of 1812, the United States successfully conquered Canada.
Answer: False
False. The American attempt to conquer Canada failed, helping ensure Canada would remain independent.
Fill in the blank. The company Research In Motion (RIM) became known for inventing the ______.
Answer: BlackBerry
Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie of Research In Motion (RIM) were known for the BlackBerry.
Fill in the blank. In 1985, ______ wheeled around the world to raise money for spinal cord research.
Answer: Rick Hansen
In 1985, Rick Hansen circled the globe in a wheelchair to raise funds for spinal cord research.
Answer: L'Anse aux Meadows
Vikings from Iceland reached Labrador and Newfoundland about 1,000 years ago; their settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows is a World Heritage site.
From where does the name “Canada” come from?
Answer: From "Kanata", the Huron-Iroquois word for village.
Discover Canada states the name Canada comes from 'Kanata', the Huron-Iroquois word for village.
In which two years did Quebec hold referendums on sovereignty, both of which were defeated?
Answer: 1980 and 1995
The Quebec sovereignty movement was defeated in referendums in 1980 and again in 1995.
Answer: Lester B. Pearson
The guide credits Lester B. Pearson with winning the Nobel Peace Prize for proposing the UN peacekeeping force during the Suez Crisis.
Who refused to surrender Quebec to the English in 1690, replying 'from the mouths of my cannons'?
Answer: Count Frontenac
Count Frontenac refused to surrender Quebec to the English in 1690, saying 'My only reply will be from the mouths of my cannons!'
True/False. The Vikings were the first Europeans to reach Canada, about 1,000 years ago.
Answer: True
True. Vikings from Iceland reached Labrador and Newfoundland about 1,000 years ago; their settlement L'Anse aux Meadows is a World Heritage site.
Answer: Port-Royal, in Acadia (present-day Nova Scotia)
In 1604 the first European settlement north of Florida was established, first on St. Croix Island and then at Port-Royal in Acadia.
What is the significance of the discovery of insulin by Sir Frederick Banting and Charles Best?
Answer: Insulin has saved 16 million lives worldwide.
Discover Canada states Banting and Best's discovery of insulin has saved 16 million lives worldwide.
What percentage of Aboriginal people are First Nations?
Answer: 65%.
Discover Canada / official study materials state about 65% of Aboriginal people are First Nations (over three-fifths).
Who are the Aboriginal peoples of Canada?
Answer: The first people to live in Canada
Discover Canada describes Aboriginal peoples as the original inhabitants, the first people to live in Canada.
Approximately how many Canadians served in the First World War?
Answer: More than 600,000.
Discover Canada states more than 600,000 Canadians served in the First World War.
Answer: True
True. Thousands of enslaved people escaped the United States to Canada via the Underground Railroad.
Fill in the blank. The last province to join Canada was ______.
Answer: Newfoundland.
Newfoundland (and Labrador) was the last province to join Canada, in 1949.
Answer: True
True. 'In Flanders Fields,' written by Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae in 1915, begins with this line and is often recited on Remembrance Day.
According to Discover Canada, about what percentage of Aboriginal Canadians are Inuit?
Answer: 4%
The guide states about 65% of Aboriginal people are First Nations, 30% are Métis and 4% are Inuit.
Which province was split into two at Confederation?
Answer: The Province of Canada
At Confederation the Province of Canada was divided into Ontario and Quebec per Discover Canada.
What was Canada’s role in the Korean War (1950-53)?
Answer: It sent more than 26,000 troops as part of a United Nations force to defend South Korea.
More than 26,000 Canadians served in the Korean War (1950-53) as part of a UN force defending South Korea; 516 died.
True/False. Confederation in 1867 created a single, national level of government for all of Canada.
Answer: False
False. Confederation created two levels of government: federal and provincial.
Answer: Sir Isaac Brock
Major-General Sir Isaac Brock captured Detroit but was killed at the Battle of Queenston Heights, near Niagara Falls.
Which was the first colony in the British Empire to attain full responsible government, in 1847-48?
Answer: Nova Scotia
Discover Canada notes Nova Scotia was the first British North American colony to attain full responsible government, in 1847-48.
Fill in the blank. Canadians who have both Aboriginal and European ancestors are called ______.
Answer: Métis
The Métis are a distinct people of mixed Aboriginal and European ancestry, the majority of whom live in the Prairie provinces.
Answer: Sir Arthur Currie
General Sir Arthur Currie commanded the Canadian Corps in the last hundred days of the First World War and is regarded as Canada's greatest soldier.
Fill in the blank. The telephone was invented by ______, who was living in Brantford, Ontario.
Answer: Alexander Graham Bell
Discover Canada credits Alexander Graham Bell, who lived in Canada, with inventing the telephone.
Answer: Asia
Discover Canada states the ancestors of Aboriginal peoples migrated from Asia many thousands of years ago.
Answer: True
True. On D-Day, 15,000 Canadian troops stormed and captured Juno Beach from the German army during the invasion of Normandy.
Answer: Châteauguay
In 1813, Lieutenant-Colonel Charles de Salaberry and about 460 soldiers, mostly French Canadiens, turned back 4,000 American invaders at Châteauguay.
What did the Canadian Pacific Railway symbolize?
Answer: Unity.
Discover Canada describes the completed Canadian Pacific Railway as a powerful symbol of national unity.
Answer: Dr. Emily Stowe
Dr. Emily Stowe was the first Canadian woman to practise medicine in Canada and founded the country's women's suffrage movement.
Fill in the blank. Confederation took place in the year ______.
Answer: 1867.
Confederation occurred in 1867 per Discover Canada.
True/False. The Canadian Pacific Railway was completed in 1885 with the driving of the last spike.
Answer: True
True. The CPR was completed on November 7, 1885, when Donald Smith drove the last spike.
Answer: True
True. More than 40,000 United Empire Loyalists came to Canada during and after the American Revolution.
Who are the founding peoples of Canada?
Answer: Aboriginal, French and British.
Discover Canada names the Aboriginal, French, and British peoples as the three founding peoples of Canada.
True/False. Women in Quebec gained the right to vote in provincial elections in 1940.
Answer: True
True. Due to the work of Thérèse Casgrain and others, Quebec granted women the provincial vote in 1940.
Answer: True
True. The Huron-Wendat of the Great Lakes region, like the Iroquois, were farmers and hunters.
True/False. More than 600,000 Canadians served in the First World War, and about 60,000 were killed.
Answer: True
True. More than 600,000 Canadians served in the First World War; 60,000 were killed and 170,000 wounded.
Answer: A great frontier hero, Mounted Policeman and soldier.
Discover Canada describes Sir Sam Steele as a great frontier hero, Mounted Policeman and soldier.
What was the Women's Suffrage Movement?
Answer: The effort by women to achieve the right to vote.
Discover Canada describes the women's suffrage movement as the effort to achieve the right to vote for women.
Answer: Joining of provinces to make a new country.
Confederation refers to the joining of provinces/colonies to form the new country of Canada.
Which Act granted, for the first time in Canada, legislative assemblies elected by the people?
Answer: The Constitutional Act of 1791.
The Constitutional Act of 1791 first granted legislative assemblies elected by the people.
What does the word “Inuit” mean?
Answer: The people in Inuktitut
Discover Canada states Inuit means the people in the Inuktitut language.
Answer: True
True. The Quebec Act restored French civil law (keeping British criminal law) and allowed Catholics religious freedom and public office.
Fill in the blank. Canada's first Prime Minister was ______.
Answer: Sir John A. Macdonald.
Static historical fact: Sir John A. Macdonald was Canada's first Prime Minister (1867).
True/False. Denys Arcand, Norman Jewison and Atom Egoyan are all celebrated Canadian filmmakers.
Answer: True
True. The guide names Denys Arcand, Norman Jewison and Atom Egoyan among Canada's noteworthy filmmakers.
Answer: the Netherlands
The Canadian Army liberated the Netherlands in 1944–45 and helped force the German surrender of May 8, 1945.
True/False. At the end of the Second World War, Canada had one of the largest navies in the world.
Answer: True
True. By the end of the Second World War, Canada had the third-largest navy in the world.
Answer: True
True. Cartier heard the word 'kanata' (village) from captured guides, and the name Canada appeared on maps by the 1550s.
Answer: True
True. The British defeated the French at the Plains of Abraham in 1759, ending France's empire in America.
Who led an armed uprising and seized Fort Garry?
Answer: Louis Riel
Louis Riel led the Métis uprising and seized Fort Garry per Discover Canada.
Answer: John Cabot.
Discover Canada credits John Cabot, an Italian immigrant to England, as the first to draw a map of Canada’s East Coast, in 1497.
Answer: Terry Fox
Discover Canada highlights Terry Fox, who ran his Marathon of Hope in 1980 to raise funds and awareness for cancer research.
Answer: Dieppe
Canadians suffered heavy losses in the unsuccessful 1942 raid on Nazi-controlled Dieppe, on the coast of France.
True/False. The Métis are the largest of Canada's three Aboriginal groups.
Answer: False
False. About 65% of Aboriginal people are First Nations, 30% Métis and 4% Inuit, so First Nations are the largest group.
Answer: Sir Leonard Tilley
Sir Leonard Tilley of New Brunswick suggested 'Dominion of Canada,' inspired by Psalm 72 ('dominion from sea to sea').
Answer: Donald Smith (Lord Strathcona)
On November 7, 1885, Donald Smith (Lord Strathcona), a director of the CPR, drove the last spike.
What was the "Underground Railroad"?
Answer: An anti-slavery network that helped thousands of slaves escape the United States and settle in Canada
Discover Canada describes the Underground Railroad as an anti-slavery network that brought escaped slaves to Canada.
What did the House of Commons recognize about the Québécois in 2006?
Answer: That they form a nation within a united Canada
In 2006 the House of Commons recognized that the Québécois form a nation within a united Canada.
Who is General Sir Arthur Currie?
Answer: Canada's greatest soldier in the First World War.
Sir Arthur Currie is described as Canada's greatest soldier of the First World War in Discover Canada.
Which of the following statements about residential schools is NOT true?
Answer: The schools were welcomed by the Aboriginal people.
This is the false statement; Discover Canada describes residential schools as harmful and later formally apologized for, not welcomed.
The Klondike Gold Rush of the late 1890s led to the creation of which territory?
Answer: The Yukon.
The Gold Rush of the 1890s brought thousands to the Klondike region and led to the creation of the Yukon Territory in 1898.
Who was Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine?
Answer: A champion of democracy and French language rights and the first leader of a responsible government in the Canadas.
Discover Canada describes La Fontaine as a champion of democracy and French-language rights and the first head of a responsible government in the Canadas.
What was the significance of June 6, 1944 invasion of Normandy?
Answer: Canadians made a significant contribution to the defeat of Nazism and Fascism in Europe during the Second World War.
The D-Day landing at Normandy on June 6, 1944 marked a significant Canadian contribution to defeating Nazism in WWII.
At the end of the Second World War, Canada had one of the world's largest navies. Where did it rank?
Answer: Third-largest in the world
By the end of the Second World War Canada had the third-largest navy in the world.
Who had played an important part in building the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR)?
Answer: Chinese railroad workers.
Chinese labourers played a major role in building the Canadian Pacific Railway.
Answer: the Creator
Discover Canada states that diverse, vibrant First Nations cultures were rooted in religious beliefs about their relationship to the Creator, the natural environment and each other.
Which international military alliance did Canada help found in 1949?
Answer: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
The guide notes Canada was a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949.
Fill in the blank. April 9, the anniversary of the Battle of Vimy Ridge, is celebrated as ______.
Answer: Vimy Day
April 9 is celebrated as Vimy Day, marking the Canadian Corps' capture of Vimy Ridge in 1917.
True/False. Sir Wilfrid Laurier was Canada's first Prime Minister.
Answer: False
False. Sir John A. Macdonald was the first Prime Minister; Laurier was the first French-Canadian PM.
Who led Quebec into Confederation?
Answer: Sir George-Étienne Cartier
Sir George-Étienne Cartier led Quebec into Confederation per Discover Canada.
Answer: A distinct people of mixed Aboriginal and European ancestry.
Discover Canada defines the Métis as a distinct people of mixed Aboriginal and European ancestry; option describing 'mixed Inuit/First Nations ancestry' is incorrect.
Fill in the blank. The poem 'In Flanders Fields' was written by ______.
Answer: Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae.
Discover Canada notes that Canadian medical officer Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae composed “In Flanders Fields” in 1915; it is often recited on Remembrance Day.
Fill in the blank. The province known as the 'Birthplace of Confederation' is ______.
Answer: Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island, site of the 1864 Charlottetown Conference, is the birthplace of Confederation.
What did the Fathers of Confederation do?
Answer: They worked together to establish a new country, the Dominion of Canada
The Fathers of Confederation worked together to establish the Dominion of Canada in 1867.
Answer: right to vote
The women's suffrage movement, founded by Dr. Emily Stowe, led to women gaining the right to vote in federal elections beginning in 1917.
Fill in the blank. Quebec City was founded in 1608 by ______, known as the 'Father of New France.'
Answer: Samuel de Champlain
The guide states Samuel de Champlain built a fortress at what is now Quebec City in 1608 and is called the Father of New France.
Why is the battle of Vimy Ridge important?
Answer: Canadian Corps secured its reputation for valour and bravery.
At Vimy Ridge (1917) the Canadian Corps captured the ridge and secured its reputation for bravery, a defining national moment.
Where was the first representative assembly in Canada elected, in 1758?
Answer: Halifax, Nova Scotia
The first representative assembly was elected in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1758.
True/False. Upper Canada was the first province in the British Empire to move to abolish slavery.
Answer: True
True. In 1793, Upper Canada, led by Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe, became the first province in the Empire to move toward abolishing slavery.
Answer: Race-based entry fee charged for Chinese entering Canada.
The head tax was a fee that Chinese immigrants had to pay to enter Canada per Discover Canada.
Which Shawnee chief led First Nations warriors who helped defend Canada during the War of 1812?
Answer: Tecumseh
Canadian volunteers and First Nations, including the Shawnee led by Chief Tecumseh, supported British soldiers in the War of 1812.
True/False. Jacques Cartier founded Quebec City in 1608.
Answer: False
False. Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec City in 1608; Cartier explored the St. Lawrence in the 1530s.
Fill in the blank. Sir Sandford Fleming invented the worldwide system of ______.
Answer: standard time zones
Sir Sandford Fleming invented the worldwide system of standard time zones.
True/False. The Canadian Corps, not the Americans, captured Vimy Ridge in April 1917.
Answer: True
True. The Canadian Corps captured Vimy Ridge in April 1917, a defining moment for Canada.
What did the Statute of Westminster (1931) grant Canada?
Answer: The legal freedom to make its own laws and control its own foreign affairs.
The Statute of Westminster, 1931, gave Canada legal autonomy over its domestic and foreign affairs, though the constitution remained in Britain until 1982.
True/False. Canada entered the Second World War in 1939, after Nazi Germany invaded Poland.
Answer: True
True. The Second World War began in 1939 when Hitler's Germany invaded Poland, and Canada joined its allies in the fight.
In the 1929 “Persons Case,” what did the courts decide?
Answer: That women were legally “persons” who could be appointed to the Senate.
In 1929 the “Famous Five,” led by Emily Murphy, won the Persons Case, so women were recognized as “persons” eligible for appointment to the Senate.
Which of the following is NOT one of Canada's three founding peoples?
Answer: The Loyalists
Canada's three founding peoples are Aboriginal, French and British. The Loyalists were later settlers who fled the American Revolution, not one of the founding peoples.
True/False. The Group of Seven were a famous group of Canadian musicians.
Answer: False
False. The Group of Seven were famous Canadian painters known for wilderness landscapes.
Answer: True
True. Canadians suffered losses defending Hong Kong from Japanese attack in 1941.
Answer: They were forcibly relocated and their property sold without compensation
Japanese Canadians were forcibly relocated and their property sold without compensation; the government apologized and compensated victims in 1988.
What did the British North America Act do?
Answer: It united the provinces into the Dominion of Canada and divided powers between the federal and provincial governments.
The British North America Act (now the Constitution Act, 1867) united the founding provinces into the Dominion of Canada and set out the division of powers between the federal and provincial governments.
Answer: Move to abolish slavery
Under John Graves Simcoe, Upper Canada became the first province in the British Empire to move toward abolishing slavery, in 1793.
Who were the United Empire Loyalists?
Answer: Settlers who came to Canada from the United States during the American Revolution.
United Empire Loyalists were settlers loyal to the Crown who fled the U.S. during the American Revolution.
Fill in the blank. The first province to grant women the right to vote was ______.
Answer: Manitoba
In 1916 Manitoba became the first province to grant women the right to vote.
Fill in the blank. English-speaking and French-speaking Christian civilizations ______.
Answer: are two of the three founding peoples of Canada
Canada's three founding peoples are Aboriginal, French and British. The English- and French-speaking Christian civilizations brought by settlers make up two of these three founding peoples.
Which Canadian-designed invention is a robotic arm used in space exploration?
Answer: The Canadarm
The Canadarm is a Canadian-designed and -built robotic arm used in space.
Answer: True
True. The Statute of Westminster (1931) granted Canada and other Dominions full legal freedom to make their own laws.
In the 1960s, Quebec experienced an era of rapid change. What is this called?
Answer: The Quiet Revolution.
Discover Canada names the era of rapid change in 1960s Quebec the 'Quiet Revolution'.
Answer: Montreal-based traders who travelled by canoe
Discover Canada describes the voyageurs as Montreal-based fur traders who travelled by canoe.
What are the three main groups of Aboriginal peoples?
Answer: First Nations, Métis and Inuit.
The three groups of Aboriginal peoples are First Nations, Métis and Inuit per Discover Canada.
True/False. Alberta and Saskatchewan both became provinces of Canada in 1905.
Answer: True
True. Alberta and Saskatchewan both entered Confederation as provinces in 1905.
Answer: True
True. Emily Carr painted the forests and Aboriginal artifacts of the West Coast.
Before Europeans arrived, which Aboriginal people were nomadic, following the bison (buffalo) herds?
Answer: The Sioux
The Sioux were nomadic, following the bison (buffalo) herds, while other peoples farmed, hunted or fished.
Who was the first woman elected to the House of Commons (in 1921)?
Answer: Agnes Macphail.
Agnes Macphail became the first woman Member of Parliament in 1921, the first federal election in which most women could vote.
Aboriginal and treaty rights were first guaranteed by which document?
Answer: The Royal Proclamation of 1763.
Discover Canada states that Aboriginal territorial rights were first guaranteed through the Royal Proclamation of 1763 by King George III, establishing the basis for treaties.
In what year did Aboriginal peoples receive the unconditional right to vote in federal elections?
Answer: 1960
Aboriginal peoples were granted the right to vote in federal elections in 1960.
True/False. The War of 1812 was fought between Canada and France.
Answer: False
False. In the War of 1812 the United States invaded, and Britain, Canadian volunteers and First Nations defended Canada.
What happened at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham?
Answer: The British defeated the French marking the end of France's empire in America
At the Plains of Abraham (1759) the British defeated the French, ending France's empire in America.
Which of the following sentences best describes the War of 1812?
Answer: The USA invaded Canada and was defeated, which ensured that Canada would remain independent of the United States.
In the War of 1812 the U.S. invasion was repelled, ensuring Canada would remain independent of the United States.
Answer: Laura Secord
Laura Secord walked 30 km to warn Lt. James FitzGibbon of a planned American attack, helping secure victory at Beaver Dams in 1813.
True/False. Louis Riel led the Métis and is regarded by many as the father of Manitoba.
Answer: True
True. Riel led the Red River resistance; Manitoba was created and he is seen as its father and a defender of Métis rights.
True/False. Dr. John A. Hopps invented the first cardiac pacemaker.
Answer: True
True. Dr. John A. Hopps invented the first cardiac pacemaker, used today to save lives of people with heart disorders.
Fill in the blank. The father of Manitoba and defender of Métis rights was ______.
Answer: Louis Riel
Discover Canada describes Louis Riel as the founder/father of Manitoba.
Fill in the blank. The first French-Canadian prime minister since Confederation was ______.
Answer: Sir Wilfrid Laurier
The guide notes Sir Wilfrid Laurier was the first French-Canadian prime minister since Confederation and encouraged immigration to the West.
True/False. Major-General Sir Isaac Brock captured Detroit during the War of 1812.
Answer: True
True. Sir Isaac Brock captured Detroit but was later killed defending against an American attack at Queenston Heights.
The Group of Seven, founded in 1920, were famous Canadian painters known for depicting what?
Answer: Rugged wilderness landscapes
The Group of Seven, founded in 1920, developed a style of painting to capture rugged wilderness landscapes.
During the Cold War, Canada joined the United States in which joint air-defence command?
Answer: NORAD (North American Aerospace Defence Command)
Canada joined the United States in the North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD) during the Cold War.
What did the Quebec Act of 1774 do?
Answer: It accommodated the French by restoring French civil law and allowing religious freedom for Catholics.
The Quebec Act of 1774 allowed religious freedom for Catholics and restored French civil law, accommodating the French-speaking population.
During the Second World War, the Royal Canadian Navy played its greatest role in which battle?
Answer: The Battle of the Atlantic
The Royal Canadian Navy's finest hour was the Battle of the Atlantic, protecting merchant-ship convoys from German submarines.
Answer: True
True. The Persons Case established that women are 'persons' eligible for appointment to the Senate.
Answer: True
True. The Canadian Corps captured Vimy Ridge in April 1917, securing the Canadians' reputation for valour as the “shock troops of the British Empire.”
Answer: The British Commonwealth of Nations.
The British Empire evolved into a free association of states known as the British Commonwealth of Nations. Canada remains a leading member of the Commonwealth today.
Answer: Prince Edward Island.
Prince Edward Island's representative assembly followed Halifax's in 1773, and New Brunswick's in 1785.
What did the Constitutional Act of 1791 do?
Answer: Divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada.
The Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada (later Ontario), mainly Loyalist, Protestant and English-speaking, and Lower Canada (later Quebec), heavily Catholic and French-speaking.
What happened to Upper and Lower Canada in 1840?
Answer: They were united as the Province of Canada.
In 1840, Upper and Lower Canada were united as the Province of Canada. At Confederation in 1867, the old Province of Canada was split into two new provinces, Ontario and Quebec.
Who was the English reformer sent to report on the rebellions of 1837-38?
Answer: Lord Durham.
Lord Durham, an English reformer sent to report on the rebellions, recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be merged and given responsible government.
Answer: Lord Elgin.
In 1848-49 the governor of United Canada, Lord Elgin, with encouragement from London, introduced responsible government. Reformers like Robert Baldwin and Joseph Howe, in parallel with La Fontaine, had worked toward it.
What did the British Parliament do in 1833?
Answer: Abolished slavery throughout the British Empire.
In 1807 the British Parliament prohibited the buying and selling of slaves, and in 1833 it abolished slavery throughout the Empire. Upper Canada, under Lieutenant Governor Simcoe, had already moved toward abolition in 1793.
Answer: True
True. In 1813 the Americans burned Government House and the Parliament Buildings in York (now Toronto) during the War of 1812.
Who led an expedition from Nova Scotia in 1814 that burned down the White House?
Answer: Major-General Robert Ross.
In retaliation for the burning of York, Major-General Robert Ross led an expedition from Nova Scotia in 1814 that burned down the White House and other public buildings in Washington, D.C. Ross died in battle soon afterwards and was buried in Halifax.
British Columbia joined Confederation in 1871 after Ottawa promised what?
Answer: To build a railway to the West Coast.
British Columbia joined Canada in 1871 after Ottawa promised to build a railway to the West Coast. Donald Smith (Lord Strathcona) drove the last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway on November 7, 1885.
Which province joined Confederation in 1873?
Answer: Prince Edward Island.
Prince Edward Island joined in 1873. Manitoba and the Northwest Territories had joined in 1870, British Columbia in 1871, and the Arctic Islands were transferred to the Northwest Territories in 1880.
True/False. Until 1982, July 1 was celebrated as Dominion Day.
Answer: True
True. July 1 was celebrated as Dominion Day to commemorate the day Canada became a self-governing Dominion. Today it is known as Canada Day.
Over 7,000 Canadians volunteered to fight in which war between 1899 and 1902?
Answer: The South African War (Boer War).
Over 7,000 Canadians volunteered to fight in the South African War (1899-1902), popularly known as the Boer War, and over 260 died. In 1900 Canadians took part in the battles of Paardeberg and Lillefontein.
When Germany attacked Belgium and France in 1914 and Britain declared war, what did Ottawa form?
Answer: The Canadian Expeditionary Force.
Ottawa formed the Canadian Expeditionary Force (later the Canadian Corps). More than 600,000 Canadians served in the war, most of them volunteers, out of a total population of eight million.
Which 1918 battle did the Germans call "the black day of the German Army"?
Answer: The Battle of Amiens.
The victorious Battle of Amiens on August 8, 1918, which the Germans called "the black day of the German Army," opened the last hundred days of the war, with Canadian and Australian troops as the spearhead.
How did the First World War end?
Answer: With the Armistice on November 11, 1918.
The First World War ended in the Armistice on November 11, 1918. Canadians remember the sacrifices of veterans each year on that date, Remembrance Day.
Answer: True
True. In 1917 the federal vote went first to nurses at the front and to women related to men in active wartime service; in 1918, most Canadian female citizens aged 21 and over gained the right to vote in federal elections.
Thanks to the work of ______ and others, women in Quebec won the right to vote in 1940.
Answer: Therese Casgrain.
Due to the work of Therese Casgrain and others, Quebec granted women the vote in 1940. Dr. Emily Stowe founded the women's suffrage movement in Canada, and Agnes Macphail became the first woman MP in 1921.
About how many Canadians and Newfoundlanders served in the Second World War?
Answer: More than one million.
More than one million Canadians and Newfoundlanders served in the Second World War, out of a population of 11.5 million.
True/False. The Royal Canadian Air Force took part in the Battle of Britain.
Answer: True
True. The RCAF took part in the Battle of Britain and provided a high proportion of Commonwealth aircrew in bombers and fighter planes over Europe.
True/False. Canadian forces took part in the liberation of Italy in 1943-44.
Answer: True
True. Canadian forces took part in the liberation of Italy in 1943-44, and on D-Day, June 6, 1944, 15,000 Canadian troops stormed and captured Juno Beach.
In 1948, which group of Canadians gained the right to vote in federal elections?
Answer: Japanese Canadians.
Most Canadians of Asian descent had in the past been denied the vote in federal and provincial elections. In 1948 the last of these, the Japanese Canadians, gained the right to vote. Aboriginal people were granted the vote in 1960.
What began Canada's modern energy industry?
Answer: The discovery of oil in Alberta in 1947.
The discovery of oil in Alberta in 1947 began Canada's modern energy industry.
Which social program was introduced by the federal government in 1940?
Answer: Unemployment insurance.
Unemployment insurance (now called employment insurance) was introduced by the federal government in 1940. Old Age Security was devised as early as 1927, and the Canada and Quebec Pension Plans in 1965.
Answer: 1927.
Old Age Security was devised as early as 1927, and the Canada and Quebec Pension Plans in 1965.
What did Parliament establish in 1963?
Answer: The Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism.
In 1963 Parliament established the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. This led to the Official Languages Act (1969), which guarantees French and English services in the federal government across Canada.
In 2006, the Government of Canada apologized for which discriminatory policy?
Answer: The Chinese head tax.
The Government of Canada apologized in 2006 for the head tax, a race-based entry fee charged to Chinese migrants after the CPR was built.
In what year did Ottawa formally apologize to the former students of residential schools?
Answer: 2008.
From the 1800s until the 1980s, the federal government placed many Aboriginal children in residential schools to educate and assimilate them. In 2008, Ottawa formally apologized to the former students.
Answer: The "Great Upheaval."
During the war between Britain and France, more than two-thirds of the Acadians were deported from their homeland. Despite this ordeal, known as the "Great Upheaval," the Acadians survived and their culture endures.
True/False. The French and the Iroquois made peace in 1701.
Answer: True
True. After a long period of conflict, the French and the Iroquois made peace in 1701.
Which outstanding leaders built a French empire that reached from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico?
Answer: Jean Talon, Bishop Laval and Count Frontenac.
Outstanding leaders like Jean Talon, Bishop Laval and Count Frontenac built a French empire in North America that reached from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico.
Which Governor defeated an American military invasion of Quebec in 1775?
Answer: Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester).
Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester), as Governor of Quebec, defended the rights of the Canadiens, defeated an American military invasion of Quebec in 1775, and supervised the Loyalist migration to Nova Scotia and Quebec in 1782-83.
Who led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk Indians into Canada?
Answer: Joseph Brant.
Joseph Brant led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk Indians into Canada around the time of the American Revolution, when Loyalists fled to Nova Scotia and Quebec.
Answer: True
True. About 3,000 black Loyalists, freedmen and slaves, came north seeking a better life. In 1792, some black Nova Scotians moved on to establish Freetown, Sierra Leone, in West Africa.
Since the 1970s, most immigrants to Canada have come from where?
Answer: Asian countries.
Over the past 200 years millions of newcomers have helped build Canada; since the 1970s, most immigrants have come from Asian countries.
About what share of Canada's Aboriginal population are Metis?
Answer: 30%.
About 65% of Aboriginal people are First Nations, while 30% are Metis and 4% Inuit, per Discover Canada.
In 1956, Canada welcomed about 37,000 refugees escaping Soviet tyranny in which country?
Answer: Hungary.
Canada welcomed about 37,000 people who escaped Soviet tyranny in Hungary in 1956, and starting in 1975 about 50,000 Vietnamese "boat people" sought refuge in Canada.
Fill in the blank. ______ was the Metis' greatest military leader.
Answer: Gabriel Dumont.
Gabriel Dumont was the Metis' greatest military leader. Louis Riel is seen by many as a defender of Metis rights and the father of Manitoba.
Answer: Light bulb.
Matthew Evans and Henry Woodward invented the first electric light bulb and sold the patent to Thomas Edison, who, more famously, commercialized the light bulb.
Reginald Fessenden contributed to the invention of what?
Answer: Radio.
Reginald Fessenden contributed to the invention of radio, sending the first wireless voice message in the world.
Dr. Wilder Penfield was a pioneering Canadian ______.
Answer: Brain surgeon.
Dr. Wilder Penfield was a pioneering brain surgeon at McGill University in Montreal.
Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie are known for which wireless communications company?
Answer: Research In Motion (RIM).
Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie of Research In Motion (RIM) are known worldwide for the BlackBerry, a wireless communications invention.
Gerhard Herzberg, John Polanyi and Sidney Altman are among Canada's ______.
Answer: Nobel Prize-winning scientists.
Canada's Nobel Prize-winning scientists include Gerhard Herzberg, a refugee from Nazi Germany, John Polanyi, Sidney Altman, Richard E. Taylor, Michael Smith and Bertram Brockhouse.
Law & Justice
Study guide →Canadian law comes from several sources. Which of the following is one of them?
Answer: Laws passed by Parliament and the provincial legislatures.
Per Discover Canada, Canadian law has several sources, including laws passed by Parliament and the provincial legislatures, English common law, the civil code of France, and the unwritten constitution inherited from Britain.
Answer: rule of law.
Per Discover Canada, one of Canada's founding principles is the rule of law: individuals and governments are regulated by laws and not by arbitrary actions, and no person or group is above the law.
In Canada’s justice system what does “presumption of innocence” mean?
Answer: Everyone is innocent until proven guilty
Presumption of innocence means a person is presumed innocent until proven guilty per Discover Canada.
Answer: English common law.
Per Discover Canada, habeas corpus, the right to challenge unlawful detention by the state, comes from English common law.
In Canada, are you allowed to question the police about their service or conduct?
Answer: Yes, if you feel the need to.
Discover Canada says you are free to question police about their service or conduct if you feel the need to.
What is the role of the courts in Canada?
Answer: To settle disputes.
The role of the courts is to settle disputes per Discover Canada.
True/False. In Canada, a person charged with an offence is presumed innocent until proven guilty.
Answer: True
True. Presumption of innocence means a person is considered innocent until proven guilty.
Fill in the blank. The highest court in Canada is ______.
Answer: The Supreme Court of Canada
Discover Canada identifies the Supreme Court of Canada as the highest court.
In Canadian law, what is meant by "habeas corpus"?
Answer: The right to challenge unlawful detention by the state
Discover Canada describes habeas corpus, from English common law, as the right to challenge unlawful detention by the state.
Fill in the blank. One role of the police in Canada is ______.
Answer: to enforce the law
The police are there to keep people safe and to enforce the law. They can be federal, provincial or municipal.
What is the role of a jury in Canada?
Answer: Ordinary citizens decide whether a person accused of a crime is guilty
Serving on a jury is a responsibility of citizenship. Juries of ordinary citizens decide the outcome of a trial, which is why the justice system depends on impartial juries.
In which two provinces does the RCMP NOT serve as the provincial police force?
Answer: Ontario and Quebec
The RCMP is the federal police and serves as the provincial police everywhere except Ontario and Quebec, which have their own provincial forces.
Answer: legal aid
In most communities there are legal aid services that provide free or low-cost legal help to those who cannot afford a lawyer.
Answer: The North West Mounted Police
Prime Minister Macdonald established the North West Mounted Police (NWMP) in 1873; it became the RCMP.
Fill in the blank. The RCMP's training academy is located in ______.
Answer: Regina, Saskatchewan
Regina, the capital of Saskatchewan, is home to the RCMP training academy.
In Canada, are politicians, police officers and judges required to obey the law?
Answer: Yes, because no one is above the law
One of Canada's founding principles is the rule of law: individuals and governments are regulated by laws, and no person or group, including officials, is above the law.
Answer: Due process.
Canada's legal system is based on a heritage that includes the rule of law, freedom under the law, democratic principles and due process.
Answer: The principle that the government must respect all the legal rights a person is entitled to under the law.
Due process is the principle that the government must respect all the legal rights a person is entitled to under the law, per Discover Canada.
Which court deals with matters concerning the federal government?
Answer: The Federal Court of Canada.
The Supreme Court of Canada is our highest court, and the Federal Court of Canada deals with matters concerning the federal government.
Which courts deal with civil cases involving small sums of money?
Answer: Small claims courts.
Provinces have trial and appeal courts, plus provincial courts for lesser offences, family courts, traffic courts and small claims courts for civil cases involving small sums of money.
Rights & Responsibilities
Study guide →Answer: The supremacy of God and the rule of law
The Charter begins: 'Whereas Canada is founded upon principles that recognize the supremacy of God and the rule of law.'
Name two fundamental freedoms protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Answer: Freedom of conscience and religion, and Freedom of association.
Both are among the fundamental freedoms listed in the Charter per Discover Canada.
True/False. Volunteers are paid for the time they spend helping others in the community.
Answer: False
False. Volunteers freely donate their time to help others without pay; that is what makes it volunteering.
True/False. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was entrenched in the Constitution in 1982.
Answer: True
True. The Constitution was amended in 1982 to entrench the Charter.
True/False. When you become a Canadian citizen, you gain the right to apply for a Canadian passport.
Answer: True
True. Mobility rights let citizens enter and leave Canada freely and apply for a passport.
Name three additional rights protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Answer: Mobility rights, Multiculturalism, and Aboriginal Peoples' rights.
The Charter protects mobility rights, Aboriginal peoples' rights and multiculturalism among additional rights listed in Discover Canada.
True/False. In Canada, men and women are equal under the law.
Answer: True
True. Equality of men and women under the law is a fundamental Canadian value.
What is meant by the equality of women and men?
Answer: Men and women are equal under the law.
Discover Canada states equality of women and men means they are equal under the law.
Which of the following is a responsibility of citizenship rather than a right?
Answer: Serving on a jury when asked.
Discover Canada lists serving on a jury as a responsibility of citizenship, along with obeying the law, voting, helping others in the community, and protecting the environment.
True/False. To become a Canadian citizen, you must be able to speak both English and French.
Answer: False
False. Applicants need adequate knowledge of English OR French, not both.
Which statement about military service in Canada is correct?
Answer: There is no compulsory military service; serving in the Canadian Forces is voluntary
There is no compulsory military service in Canada; serving in the Canadian Forces (navy, army, air force) is voluntary.
Which of the following is NOT one of the fundamental freedoms protected by the Charter?
Answer: The right to own property
The Charter's fundamental freedoms are conscience and religion; thought, belief, opinion and expression (including speech and the press); peaceful assembly; and association. Property rights are not among them.
Answer: 55 and over
Applicants aged 18-54 must have adequate knowledge of English or French and write the test; those 55 and over are exempt.
According to the Charter, what do Mobility Rights allow Canadians to do?
Answer: Live and work anywhere in Canada, enter and leave the country freely, and apply for a passport.
Per Discover Canada, Mobility Rights mean Canadians can live and work anywhere they choose in Canada, enter and leave the country freely, and apply for a passport.
Canada’s openness and generosity do NOT extend to which of the following?
Answer: Barbaric cultural practices such as spousal abuse, “honour killings,” or forced marriage.
Discover Canada states that Canada does not tolerate barbaric cultural practices such as spousal abuse, “honour killings,” female genital mutilation, or forced marriage; those responsible are severely punished.
True/False. Serving on a jury when called is a responsibility of Canadian citizenship.
Answer: True
True. When called, you are legally required to serve on a jury; it is a responsibility of citizenship.
True/False. English common law and the civil code of France are both sources of Canadian law.
Answer: True
True. Canadian law draws on laws passed by Parliament and the legislatures, English common law, the civil code of France, and the unwritten constitution inherited from Britain.
Fill in the blank. Serving in the Canadian Forces is ______.
Answer: a voluntary and noble way to contribute to Canada
There is no compulsory military service in Canada. Serving in the regular Canadian Forces is a noble way to contribute and an excellent career choice.
Answer: Aboriginal peoples.
Per Discover Canada, Aboriginal Peoples' Rights are protected: the rights guaranteed in the Charter will not adversely affect any treaty or other rights or freedoms of Aboriginal peoples.
Name six responsibilities of citizenship.
Answer: Obeying the law, taking responsibility for oneself and one's family, helping others in the community, voting in elections, serving on a jury, protecting and enjoying our heritage and environment.
These are the six responsibilities of citizenship listed in Discover Canada.
True/False. All Canadian citizens are required by law to serve in the military.
Answer: False
False. There is no compulsory military service in Canada; serving is voluntary.
True/False. Habeas corpus is the right to challenge unlawful detention by the state.
Answer: True
True. Habeas corpus, from English common law, is the right to challenge unlawful detention.
Answer: True
True. Per Discover Canada, protecting and enjoying our heritage and environment (avoiding waste and pollution and protecting Canada's natural, cultural and architectural heritage for future generations) is a responsibility of citizenship.
Answer: True
True. Per Discover Canada, voting in elections is a responsibility of citizenship: the right to vote comes with a responsibility to vote in federal, provincial or territorial, and local elections.
Which of the following is a right reserved specifically for Canadian citizens?
Answer: The right to vote in elections
Voting (and running for office) is a right reserved for citizens. Legal rights such as a lawyer and a fair trial apply to everyone in Canada, not only citizens.
True/False. Multiculturalism is a fundamental characteristic of Canadian heritage and identity.
Answer: True
True. Multiculturalism is described in the guide as a fundamental characteristic of Canadian identity.
True/False. Helping others in the community is one of the responsibilities of Canadian citizens.
Answer: True
True. Helping others is listed among the responsibilities of citizenship; millions of Canadians volunteer their time.
Which of the following is a way to take on the responsibility of helping others in your community?
Answer: All of the above
Helping others can mean assisting at a school, freely donating your time, volunteering at a food bank, and more; all of these are ways to contribute.
Give an example of how you can show responsibility by participating in your community.
Answer: Volunteer.
Discover Canada lists volunteering as a way to show responsibility and participate in the community.
Answer: association
The four fundamental freedoms are: conscience and religion; thought, belief, opinion and expression (including speech and press); peaceful assembly; and association.
What is the name of the official study guide for the citizenship test?
Answer: Discover Canada
The only official study guide for the citizenship test is 'Discover Canada: The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship.'
Name two key documents that contain our rights and freedoms.
Answer: Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and Magna Carta (the Great Charter of Freedoms).
Discover Canada cites the Charter and the Magna Carta as key documents of rights and freedoms.
Give an example of where English and French have equal status in Canada.
Answer: In the Parliament of Canada.
English and French have equal status in Parliament, federal courts and federal institutions per Discover Canada.
The Official Languages Act (1969) guarantees what?
Answer: French and English services in the federal government
The Official Languages Act (1969) guarantees French and English services in the federal government across Canada.
Fill in the blank. ______ is not a responsibility of Canadian citizens.
Answer: Owning your own home
The guide lists responsibilities such as obeying the law, serving on a jury, voting, helping others, and caring for yourself and your family. Owning a home is not a responsibility of citizenship.
Answer: Magna Carta
Discover Canada dates Canada's 800-year tradition of ordered liberty to the Magna Carta (the Great Charter of Freedoms), signed in England in 1215.
What part of the Constitution legally protects the basic rights and freedoms of all Canadians?
Answer: The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in the Constitution protects Canadians' basic rights and freedoms.
What are some examples of taking responsibility for yourself and your family?
Answer: Getting a job, taking care of one's family and working hard in keeping with one's abilities.
Discover Canada lists getting a job, providing for one's family and working hard as responsibilities of citizenship.
Fatima is a new immigrant in Canada. What law allows her to take a job at par with a man?
Answer: Equality of women and men
Discover Canada lists 'equality of women and men' as a fundamental Canadian value ensuring women can work on equal terms with men.
What will you promise when you take the Oath of Citizenship?
Answer: Pledge allegiance to the King, observe the laws of Canada and fulfil the duties of a Canadian.
The Oath of Citizenship includes pledging allegiance to the Sovereign, observing Canada's laws and fulfilling one's duties as a citizen.
Which of the following is a fundamental freedom guaranteed to everyone in Canada?
Answer: Freedom of peaceful assembly
Freedom of peaceful assembly is one of the Charter's fundamental freedoms. Free education, a guaranteed job and firearm ownership are not fundamental freedoms.
Symbols & Identity
Study guide →Answer: June 24
Quebec's Fête nationale, the feast of St. John the Baptist, is celebrated on June 24.
Fill in the blank. The current red-and-white maple leaf flag of Canada was first raised in ______.
Answer: 1965
Discover Canada states the maple leaf flag was raised for the first time in 1965.
What is the largest religious affiliation in Canada?
Answer: Catholic.
Discover Canada notes the majority of Canadians identify as Christian, with Roman Catholics the largest religious affiliation.
The “Group of Seven” were famous Canadian pioneers in which field?
Answer: Landscape painting.
Discover Canada notes the Group of Seven, founded in 1920, developed a distinctive style of landscape painting capturing Canada’s rugged wilderness.
Fill in the blank. Remembrance Day is observed each year on ______.
Answer: November 11th.
Discover Canada states Remembrance Day is observed on November 11th.
Fill in the blank. Canada's national summer sport is ______.
Answer: Lacrosse
Discover Canada names lacrosse as the national summer sport and hockey as the national winter sport.
Answer: False
False. The maple leaf flag was first raised in 1965; before that the Canadian Red Ensign was used.
Answer: Paul Henderson
In 1972, Paul Henderson scored the winning goal for Canada in the Canada–Soviet Summit Series, 'the goal heard around the world.'
What does the Canadian flag look like?
Answer: White with a red border on each end and a red maple leaf in the centre.
The National Flag of Canada is white with red borders and a single red maple leaf in the centre per Discover Canada.
True/False. The beaver was adopted centuries ago as a symbol of the Hudson's Bay Company.
Answer: True
True. The beaver was adopted as a symbol of the Hudson's Bay Company and appears on the five-cent coin.
What is the Victoria Cross awarded for?
Answer: Bravery in battle against the enemy
The Victoria Cross is the highest honour available to Canadians, awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy.
Answer: True
True. The Victoria Cross is Canada's highest honour, awarded for the most conspicuous bravery in the presence of the enemy.
The CN Tower, one of Canada’s most famous landmarks, is located in which city?
Answer: Toronto.
The CN Tower in Toronto is a famous Canadian landmark and one of the world’s tallest freestanding structures.
Which of the following helps explain what it means to be Canadian and express our national identity?
Answer: Canadian symbols such as the maple leaf
Canada's symbols (objects, events and people such as the maple leaf) help explain what it means to be Canadian and express our national identity.
Fill in the blank. The cross and the ______ can be found on the Quebec flag adopted in 1948.
Answer: lily (fleur-de-lys)
In 1948 Quebec adopted its own flag, based on the cross and the fleur-de-lys (lily), a historic symbol of French royalty.
Fill in the blank. Canada's motto, 'A Mari Usque Ad Mare,' means ______.
Answer: From sea to sea.
Discover Canada translates 'A Mari Usque Ad Mare' as 'from sea to sea'.
True/False. Wayne Gretzky is considered one of the greatest hockey players of all time.
Answer: True
True. Wayne Gretzky, who played for the Edmonton Oilers from 1979 to 1988, is one of the greatest hockey players of all time.
About how many Francophones (people whose first language is French) live in Canada?
Answer: About seven million
There are about seven million Francophones (first-language French speakers) and about 18 million Anglophones in Canada.
What is the meaning of the Remembrance Day poppy?
Answer: To remember the sacrifice of Canadians who have served or died in wars up to the present day.
The Remembrance Day poppy honours the sacrifice of Canadians who served or died in wars up to today.
What song is Canada's national anthem?
Answer: O Canada.
'O Canada' is Canada's national anthem per Discover Canada ('God Save the King/Queen' is the royal anthem).
Canada's national colours, red and white, come from which two European countries?
Answer: England and France
Red and white had been the colours of France and England since the Middle Ages, and became Canada's official colours in 1921.
When is Canada Day and what does it celebrate?
Answer: We celebrate the anniversary of Confederation July 1st of each year.
Canada Day is July 1, celebrating the anniversary of Confederation.
Which provincial flag features the fleur-de-lys?
Answer: Quebec
Quebec's provincial flag (the Fleurdelisé) features the fleur-de-lys per Discover Canada.
True/False. Sir John A. Macdonald Day is celebrated on January 11.
Answer: True
True. January 11 is recognized as Sir John A. Macdonald Day, marking the birthday of Canada's first Prime Minister.
True/False. Canada's two official languages are English and Spanish.
Answer: False
False. Canada's two official languages are English and French.
True/False. The fleur-de-lys is a historic symbol of English royalty.
Answer: False
False. The fleur-de-lys is a symbol of French royalty; it appears on Quebec's flag.
True/False. The national colours of Canada are blue and white.
Answer: False
False. Canada's national colours are red and white.
What does Victoria Day celebrate?
Answer: Queen Victoria and the official birthday of the reigning Sovereign
Discover Canada explains Victoria Day honours Queen Victoria and is celebrated as the official birthday of the reigning Sovereign.
True/False. Quebec is Canada's only officially bilingual province.
Answer: False
False. New Brunswick is Canada's only officially bilingual province.
True/False. The beaver appears on the Canadian five-cent coin (the nickel).
Answer: True
True. The beaver can be seen on the Canadian five-cent coin (the nickel).
Fill in the blank. In 1967 Canada created its own honours system with ______.
Answer: The Order of Canada
Canada started its own honours system with the Order of Canada in 1967, the centennial of Confederation.
Fill in the blank. Canada's official Royal Flag is the ______.
Answer: Union Jack
The Union Jack is Canada's official Royal Flag.
According to Discover Canada, what is the second most popular sport in Canada (after hockey)?
Answer: Canadian football
Discover Canada names Canadian football as the second most popular sport in Canada.
Who donated the Stanley Cup, hockey's championship trophy, in 1892?
Answer: Lord Stanley, the Governor General
The Stanley Cup, the NHL championship trophy, was donated by Lord Stanley, the Governor General, in 1892.
Answer: A person who speaks French as their first language
Discover Canada defines a Francophone as a person whose first language is French.
Fill in the blank. The championship trophy of the Canadian Football League is the ______.
Answer: Grey Cup
Professional teams in the Canadian Football League compete for the Grey Cup, donated by Lord Grey, the Governor General, in 1909.
True/False. 'O Canada' was first sung in Quebec City in 1880 and became the national anthem in 1980.
Answer: True
True. 'O Canada' was first sung in Québec City in 1880 and proclaimed the national anthem in 1980.
True/False. New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province in Canada.
Answer: True
True. New Brunswick is Canada's only officially bilingual province.
Where and when was 'O Canada' first sung?
Answer: Quebec City, in 1880
'O Canada' was first sung in Quebec City in 1880; it became the official national anthem in 1980.
True/False. Remembrance Day is celebrated on July 1.
Answer: False
False. Remembrance Day is November 11; July 1 is Canada Day.
True/False. The maple leaf is Canada's best-known symbol.
Answer: True
True. The maple leaf is Canada's best-known symbol, used since the 1700s and 1800s.
Fill in the blank. 'O Canada' became the official national anthem in ______.
Answer: 1980
The guide notes O Canada was proclaimed the official national anthem in 1980, though first sung in 1880.
Answer: The Canadian Red Ensign
The Canadian Red Ensign served as Canada's flag for about 100 years before the maple leaf flag.
Fill in the blank. Basketball was invented in 1891 by ______.
Answer: James Naismith
Basketball was invented by Canadian James Naismith in 1891.
Give the first line of Canada’s national anthem?
Answer: O Canada! Our home and native land!
The national anthem 'O Canada' opens with 'O Canada! Our home and native land!' per Discover Canada.
Fill in the blank. Canada's national winter sport is ______.
Answer: Hockey.
Discover Canada names hockey Canada's national winter sport (lacrosse is the summer sport).
Fill in the blank. The two official languages of Canada are ______.
Answer: English and French.
Discover Canada states English and French are Canada's two official languages.
True/False. Lacrosse is Canada's official national winter sport.
Answer: False
False. Hockey is the official winter sport; lacrosse is the official summer sport.
What is the name of the Royal Anthem of Canada?
Answer: God Save the Queen (or King).
Discover Canada names God Save the Queen (King) as the Royal Anthem of Canada.
Fill in the blank. The Peace Tower on Parliament Hill was built in memory of ______.
Answer: Canadians who died in the First World War
The Peace Tower (completed 1927) was built in memory of the First World War; its Memorial Chamber holds the Books of Remembrance.
True/False. Soccer has the most registered players of any sport in Canada.
Answer: True
True. Soccer has the most registered players of any game in Canada, though hockey is the most popular spectator sport.
Curling, a popular Canadian ice game, was introduced by which pioneers?
Answer: Scottish pioneers
Curling, an ice game, was introduced to Canada by Scottish pioneers.
Which of the following is NOT a symbol of Canada?
Answer: The bald eagle
The maple leaf, beaver, flag, fleur-de-lys and coat of arms are Canadian symbols. The bald eagle is a national symbol of the United States.
True/False. Lacrosse, a sport first played by Aboriginal peoples, is Canada's official summer sport.
Answer: True
True. Lacrosse, an ancient sport first played by Aboriginal peoples, is Canada's official summer sport; hockey is the official winter sport.
Which of the following would NOT be considered a national historic site?
Answer: A food bank
National historic sites include battlefields, archaeological sites, buildings and sacred spaces. A food bank is not a national historic site.
True/False. The Royal Anthem of Canada is 'God Save the King (or Queen).'
Answer: True
True. 'God Save the King (or Queen)' is the Royal Anthem of Canada.
True/False. The beaver appears on Canada's ten-dollar bill.
Answer: False
False. The beaver appears on the five-cent coin (the nickel).
Which animal is an official symbol of Canada?
Answer: The beaver.
The beaver is an official emblem/symbol of Canada per Discover Canada.
Answer: The Crown.
The Crown has been a symbol of the state in Canada for 400 years. It is a symbol of government, including Parliament, the legislatures, the courts, police services and the armed forces.
Answer: True
True. Both of Canada's Olympic hockey teams won gold at the 2010 Winter Games in Vancouver. Watch the year on test day: versions of this question swap in a wrong year like 2012.
The distinctive red-white-red pattern of the Canadian flag comes from the flag of which institution?
Answer: The Royal Military College, Kingston.
The new Canadian flag was raised for the first time in 1965. Its red-white-red pattern comes from the flag of the Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario.
Who assigned Canada's national colours, white and red, in 1921?
Answer: King George V.
King George V assigned Canada's national colours (white and red) in 1921, the colours of our national flag today.
When is Victoria Day celebrated?
Answer: The Monday preceding May 25.
Victoria Day falls on the Monday preceding May 25 and marks the Sovereign's birthday.
Fill in the blank. Thanksgiving Day is celebrated on the ______.
Answer: Second Monday of October.
Thanksgiving Day falls on the second Monday of October. Labour Day is the first Monday of September.
Sir Wilfrid Laurier Day is observed on which date?
Answer: November 20.
Sir Wilfrid Laurier Day is November 20. Sir John A. Macdonald Day is January 11, and Remembrance Day is November 11.
Answer: True
True. The Centre Block was destroyed by an accidental fire in 1916 and rebuilt in 1922; the Library is the only part of the original building remaining.
The Peace Tower was completed in 1927 in memory of what?
Answer: The First World War.
The Peace Tower was completed in 1927 in memory of the First World War.
What does the Memorial Chamber within the Peace Tower contain?
Answer: The Books of Remembrance, with the names of those who died serving Canada.
The Memorial Chamber within the Peace Tower contains the Books of Remembrance, in which are written the names of soldiers, sailors and airmen who died serving Canada in wars or while on duty.
The fleur-de-lys was adopted by the French king in which year?
Answer: 496.
The fleur-de-lys, adopted by the French king in the year 496, is a symbol of French royalty. Revived at Confederation, it was included in the Canadian Red Ensign.
Answer: True
True. The beaver, adopted centuries ago as a symbol of the Hudson's Bay Company, became an emblem of the St. Jean Baptiste Society, a French-Canadian patriotic association, in 1834.
Answer: True
True. Canadian soldiers began using the maple leaf in the 1850s, and maple leaves are carved into the headstones of our fallen soldiers buried overseas and in Canada.
True/False. French and English Canadians sing different words to the national anthem.
Answer: True
True. French and English Canadians sing different words to O Canada, which was proclaimed as the national anthem in 1980 and first sung in Quebec City in 1880.
The Victoria Cross has been awarded to how many Canadians since 1854?
Answer: 96.
The Victoria Cross, the highest honour available to Canadians, has been awarded to 96 Canadians since 1854, per Discover Canada.
Who was the first Canadian to be awarded the Victoria Cross?
Answer: Lieutenant Alexander Roberts Dunn.
Then Lieutenant Alexander Roberts Dunn, born in present-day Toronto, was the first Canadian awarded the Victoria Cross. William Hall of Horton, Nova Scotia earned it in the Siege of Lucknow in 1857, and Robert Hampton Gray was the last Canadian recipient, in August 1945.
Fill in the blank. Canada's honours system consists of orders, ______ and medals.
Answer: Decorations.
Canada has its own system of honours consisting of orders, decorations and medals, beginning with the Order of Canada in 1967, the centennial of Confederation.
True/False. Ice hockey was developed in Canada in the 1800s.
Answer: True
True. Ice hockey, Canada's most popular spectator sport and national winter sport, was developed in Canada in the 1800s.
Which of the following was a celebrated Canadian writer?
Answer: Stephen Leacock.
Canadian men and women of letters included Stephen Leacock, Louis Hemon and Mordecai Richler; Joy Kogawa, Michael Ondaatje and Rohinton Mistry have diversified Canada's literary experience.
Sir Ernest MacMillan and Healey Willan won international recognition as ______.
Answer: Musicians.
Musicians Sir Ernest MacMillan and Healey Willan won international recognition for Canada.
Les Automatistes of Quebec, most notably Jean-Paul Riopelle, were pioneers of what?
Answer: Modern abstract art in the 1950s.
Les Automatistes of Quebec were pioneers of modern abstract art in the 1950s, most notably Jean-Paul Riopelle. Quebec's Louis-Philippe Hebert was a celebrated sculptor of historical figures.
Kenojuak Ashevak pioneered modern ______ art.
Answer: Inuit.
Kenojuak Ashevak pioneered modern Inuit art with etchings, prints and soapstone sculptures.
Marshall McLuhan and Harold Innis were world-famous Canadian ______.
Answer: Pioneer thinkers.
Marshall McLuhan and Harold Innis were pioneer thinkers who won world fame for Canada.
Answer: Donovan Bailey.
In 1996 at the Olympic Summer Games, Donovan Bailey became a world-record sprinter and double Olympic gold medallist. Chantal Petitclerc became a world champion wheelchair racer and Paralympic gold medallist.
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