Two different steps
People often blur the citizenship test and the citizenship ceremony together, but they are two distinct steps in the process, and they happen at different times.
The test comes first. It is a knowledge check you take to show you understand Canada and the responsibilities of citizenship. The oath comes at the very end, once your application is approved, and it is the moment you legally become a citizen.
The citizenship test
The test is a 20-question, multiple-choice exam taken online, with a webcam, in 45 minutes. You need 15 correct to pass. It covers Canada's history, government, geography, rights and responsibilities, and symbols, all drawn from the Discover Canada guide.
Passing the test is a requirement for most applicants aged 18 to 54. It is a gate you clear on the way to citizenship, not the finish line itself.
The Oath of Citizenship
The oath is the final step. Once your application is approved, you are invited to a citizenship ceremony where you take the Oath of Citizenship. Taking the oath is what actually makes you a Canadian citizen. Applicants aged 14 and older take it.
At the ceremony you pledge your loyalty to the Sovereign and promise to faithfully observe Canada's laws and fulfil your duties as a citizen. You then receive your citizenship certificate. Ceremonies can be held in person or over video, and they are often shared with other new citizens taking the oath at the same time.
The order, at a glance
- 1. Apply for citizenship and meet the requirements.
- 2. Take and pass the citizenship test (if you are 18 to 54).
- 3. Attend the ceremony and take the Oath of Citizenship.
- 4. Receive your citizenship certificate. You are now a citizen.
Why the name
The oath is the meaningful end of the journey, which is why it gives this site its name. The test is what you practise for. The oath is what you earn. Get the first one done well, and the second one is yours to enjoy.